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Infectious medicine or infectious disease medicine is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections. An infectious disease (ID) specialist's practice may consist largely of managing nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, or it may be out-patient based, in which case it focuses more on community-acquired infections.

Scope
ID specialists typically serve as consultants to other physicians in cases of complex infections or immunologic issues, and often manage patients with HIV/AIDS and other forms of immunodeficiency.

History
ID is historically associated with travel medicine and tropical medicine, as many diseases acquired in tropical and subtropical areas are infective in nature.

United States
In the US, ID is a subspecialty of internal medicine or pediatrics (i.e., an internist or pediatrician trains for an additional 1–2 years as a medical fellow to qualify as an ID specialist and sit for the ID boards).