User:Alawa/cam1

Cameron Health is a medical device developer based in San Clemente, California, USA. Cameron Health has its European office, Cameron Health BV, in Arnhem,The Netherlands. The privately-held company's focus is on a new generation of minimally invasive implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) which they call a Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator (S-ICD). Cameron Health's approach avoids implanting transvenous leads into the heart, which has been the usual procedure for cardiac devices. Instead, the Cameron ICD is entirely implanted outside the thoracic wall.

Reasons for a minimally invasive approach
Every ICD is designed to detect heart rhythms consistent with a catastrophic failure of the body's natural regulation of the heartbeat, which, untreated, could result in death. When an ICD detects a serious arrhythmia, it issues an electrical impulse to the heart muscle, of a magnitude sufficient to cause the heart to revert to a normal rhythm. ICDs with transvenous leads administer this shock to the interior of the heart muscle; the Cameron Health device generates a more powerful shock which can be effective from outside the heart. In the view of Cameron Health, transvenous leads into the heart needlessly complicate the process of implanting a device, and raises other issues and risks which their less invasive approach avoids.

The Cameron Health subcutaneous ICD sits outside the ribcage and has no connection to the interior of the heart. The surgical procedure for implantation is minimally invasive as opposed to the traditional procedure of threading leads into the subclavian venous system, through the superior vena cava and into one or more endocardial areas of the heart, a procedure often requiring a cardiologist with specialized training in electrophysiology. In addition to the risks inherent in cardiac surgery, the leads have themselves proved to be a weakness in some ICD designs. According to one estimate, patients with ICDs have a 20 percent chance of lead failure within 10 years, and replacing the leads carries a risk of death of between 2 and 5 percent. Some device manufacturers have had to replace defective leads which exposed implanted individuals to unnecessary shocks or other malfunctions, in some cases possibly resulting in fatalities.

The Cameron Health S-ICD has the disadvantage of being somewhat bulkier that existing ICDs.

Clinical trials and approvals
A trial involving 53 patients, who were temporarily implanted with S-ICDs, was reported in 2005 at the European Society of Cardiology Congress. A second series of 55 trial patients was conducted in 2008 and 2009 in 10 centers in Europe and New Zealand. Of the 55 patients, 53 had two instances of fibrillation and in 52 these were successfully converted. These findings were reported to European Union authorities in 2009, and resulted in approval for marketing the device. A study of 300 patients is reported to be in progress for US approvals.

Implants performed in New Zealand were conducted by Dr. Margaret Hood at Auckland City Hospital and by Dr. Ian Crozier at Christchurch Hospital. Initial implants in Europe were under the direction of Dr. Riccardo Cappato at Policlinico San Donato Milanese Hospital in Italy and Professor Luc Jordaens at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands.

Assets and financing
Cameron Health applied for key patents for its S-ICD in 2005 and 2001. The inventors of record of the 2001 patent were Alan H. Ostroff and Gary R. Mezack, and Alan H. Ostroff is the sole inventor of the 2005 patent. Boston Scientific aquired an exclusive option to purchase Cameron Health in 2004, and made an undisclosed equity investment in the company at that time. In 2008, several additional investors organized by the investment company Piper Jaffray and including PTV Sciences, Delphi Ventures, Sorrento Ventures, Three Arch Partners and Versant Ventures provided just over $50 million to finance the continuing operation of the company.