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The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962 (Crisis de Octubre), the Caribbean Crisis (Карибский кризис), or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

The Cold War was an indirect conflict between two superpowers of that time, the United States and the Soviet Union. The whole conflict started because the USSR wanted to show its superiority over the USA, it wanted to pressure the US in giving up West Berlin for Cuba. This was a big aggression of privacy as Cuba is only 485 miles away from the coast of Florida. However, neither of those countries wanted to start a nuclear war. Both countries just wanted to prove their superiority in the form of a nuclear arms race. That is why, the president of the United States John F. Kennedy and Khrushchev were able to restore communications between those two great powers by using the Moscow-Washington hotline.

The 1962 United States elections were under way, and the White House had for months denied charges that it was ignoring dangerous Soviet missiles 90 miles from Florida. The missile preparations were confirmed when an Air Force U-2 spy plane produced clear photographic evidence of medium-range (SS-4) and intermediate-range (R-14) ballistic missile facilities. The U.S. established a naval blockade on October 22 to prevent further missiles from reaching Cuba; Oval Office tapes during the crisis revealed that Kennedy had also put the blockade in place as an attempt to provoke Soviet-backed forces in Berlin as well. It announced that they would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the weapons already in Cuba be dismantled and returned to the Soviet Union. 5. http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org/background/frequently-asked-questions/

6. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis

7.Sergo Mikoyan. The anatomy of the Caribbean Crisis. Publisher Academia. Moscow 2006.

8.Alexandr Fursenko, Timothy Naftali. One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy 1958-1964, The secret history of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Publsihed by John Murray Publishers Ltd.