User:AleszJaTuTylkoSprzątam/sandbox5

Background
During World War II, Hungary was in a difficult political situation, trying to balance loyalty to Germany and friendship with Poland. The Hungarian government, led by Prime Minister Pál Teleki and Foreign Minister István Csáky, strongly opposed the use of Hungarian territory to attack Poland. The Hungarian foreign minister, István Csáky, stated repeatedly between 1938 and 1941 that Hungary would not take part in military action against Poland. Before the outbreak of war, Hungarians hoped that a German-Polish conflict would not break out, but they were aware that such a situation would put them in a difficult position towards Germany, with whom they cooperated, and Poland. When István Csáky wrote in a letter to the Hungarian ambassador to Italy, Frigyes Villani, on 27 April 1939, that Hungary would not participate in military action against Poland, this caused tensions with Germany. Csáky explained that any German demand to pass through Hungarian territory to attack Poland would be rejected, and that any attempt to violate the territory would be treated as an act of hostility. During the war, the Hungarians sabotaged German actions against the Poles. They enabled the operation of Polish military bases on their territory, such as the "Romek", "Liszt" and "Pestka" bases, which played a key role in liaising with the Polish resistance. The Hungarians also organised the smuggling of arms and money and support for Polish couriers. After the defeat at the Don, where the Hungarian 2nd Army suffered heavy losses, Hungary began to feel the economic effects of its alliance with Germany. Public anti-German sentiment grew, leading to secret negotiations with the Allies in 1943 to switch sides in the conflict. Unfortunately, these plans were revealed by a German spy, leading to the occupation of Hungary by German forces in March 1944.

After the German occupation, the pro-Hitler Döme Sztójay became prime minister, which worsened the situation of Poles in Hungary. The Germans arrested members of the Polish resistance, but Hungarian society continued to support the Poles. The Polish Section of the International Red Cross took over the care of the Polish refugees. Hungary's policy of balancing between the Germans and the Allies, their support for Poland and their attempts to withdraw from the war despite the German occupation illustrate Hungary's complicated situation during World War II.

II Reserve Corps
During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, Hungarian military units such as the 5th, 12th and 23rd Reserve Divisions were deployed on the outskirts of the city, supporting the German cordon around Kampinos. The Hungarians travelled a long way from Hungary to the eastern front, reaching Radom, Deblin, Smolensk and Minsk, among other places. Upon arrival in the city, the Hungarians began to experience shortages in equipment and ammunition. Despite their formal alliance with the Germans, Hungarian units often refused to fight Polish partisans and the Home Army. Hungarians were stationed in Legionowo, Ursynów, Mokotów, Czerniaków and Śródmieście. An example of their solidarity was the handing over of the barracks for Home Army operations and being quartered in the heart of the city at Kozia Street. The Hungarians also secured the barracks area in Legionowo, conducted operations in the area between Gora Kalwaria, Augustówka and Wilanow, and were stationed there until the first days of October 1944. Soldiers of the 5th Division were deployed in Ursynów, and units between Żoliborz and Bielany and Służewiec and Wilanów were to tighten the German ring around the capital. Hungarians stationed south of Mokotow from 20 August 1944 were supposed to prevent partisans from the Kampinos Forest from entering the city, but often failed to do so.

According to soldiers' recollections, Hungarian units, such as the 12th Reserve Division under General Béla Németh, were stationed north of Warsaw, in the vicinity of Nasielsk, Laski, Hornówek, Jablonna and the Kampinos Forest. Despite German orders, they refused to fight Polish partisans, which forced the Germans to change their operational plans. Some units of the 12th Division were responsible for securing roads and building outposts. Hungarians from the 5th Reserve Division, commanded by General László Szabó, were stationed in the Kabaty forest and north of Piaseczno, where they were supposed to fight Polish partisans. Here too, however, the Hungarian units did not always obey German orders, allowing the Polish units to move freely. The Reserve Division, commanded by General Gusztáv Deseő, was tasked with defending the railway lines and fighting the partisans, but also refused to fight the Poles. Due to their refusal to fight, the Hungarian units were mainly deployed in the suburbs of the capital and the north-eastern areas of the Warsaw area.

I Hussar Division
The Hussar Division, was an elite unit of the Hungarian army, formed in the autumn of 1942, was known for its efficiency and courage, which made it respected even by German commanders. In 1944 the Hussar Division was mobilised in April 1944 and the transport from Hungary to the Eastern Front took three weeks. The route led through Vác, Kraków, Kielce, Radom, Deblin, Łuków, Brest and Pinsk. The Hussars fought in the marshy areas of the Pripyat marshes, where the Germans believed that horse riding would be more effective than armoured vehicles. By mid-July 1944, losses were 30 per cent and the deficit of anti-tank weapons had reached 70-75 per cent. From 15 July to 2 August 1944, the Cavalry Division, harassed by Soviet forces and a lack of ammunition and supplies, continued its withdrawal. Weakening infantry and horse strength forced the Germans to relieve the division and before the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, the Hussars moved from Tomaszów Mazowiecki and Mińsk Mazowiecki to the Prague outskirts of Warsaw. During the insurgent fighting they were subordinated to the German 9th Army and were stationed in Wólka Węglowa, Marki, Henryków, Tarchomin and Otwock. Hungarian units often avoided direct clashes with Polish insurgents, which fostered contacts between Poles and Hungarians. The Hungarians, quartered in private houses, offered help and support to local residents, which contrasted with the brutality of the Germans

The division's command was based in Zielonka, where key decisions were made. Between 3 and 20 August 1944, the division was equipped with German equipment, including a company of self-propelled Hetzer anti-tank guns. On 18 August 1944, the Germans tried to use the Cavalry Division against Polish partisans. The new commander, General Mihály Vitéz Ibrányi, refused, citing the long-standing friendship between the Hungarian and Polish peoples. At this time, in honour of its performance in battle, Miklós Horthy renamed the unit the Hussar Division. On 20 August 1944, the Hussar Division was assigned to the 4th SS-Panzerkorps to defend Warsaw. From 22 August 1944, the Hussars took part in heavy fighting during the defence of Warsaw.

Later hussars fought Battle of Ossow on 28 August 1944 where Lieutenant Sándor Lázár was killed. In the area of the Kampinos Forest, the Hussars garrisoned the Warsaw-Leszno-Kampinos route, stationed at Mościski and Radiow, among other places. After Horthy's announcement of Hungary's withdrawal from the war, the Hussars were disarmed and interned by the Germans, but later returned to fight in the vicinity of the warecko-Magnuszewo bridgehead. The Hungarians, quartered in private homes, often helped civilians, which strengthened ties between the nations. In Milanowek, Grodzisk Mazowiecki and other towns, the Hussars established positive relations with local residents, offering protection from the Germans. The Hungarians, stationed at the Institute for the Blind in Laski, organised a hospital for their wounded soldiers there, which demonstrated their humanitarian attitude. The presence of Hungarian units on the territory of the Warsaw District of the Home Army was beneficial to the fighting Poles and civilians, facilitating Polish-Hungarian contacts. The Hungarians, stationed in Zalesie Dolne, helped the local population, which shows their solidarity with the Poles. On 23 September 1944, the Hussar Division finally left Poland and headed for Hungary. The extraordinary achievements of the Hussar Division resulted in the Germans repeatedly mentioning the unit in official dispatches, which was rare. Even Heinz Guderian complimented the behaviour of the Hussars.