User:Alevkoff

=Paperboard Packaging=





Paperboard packaging has been promoting, protecting, and improving the way retail goods are made available to consumers since the late 1800's.

This renewable, recyclable packaging material is made from pulp harvested from trees. 91% of America's forests are privately owned, and as of 2011, over 25% of the wood products (including paperboard) come from forestland certified by one of three sustainable forestry management certification systems: the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, Forest Stewardship Council, or American Tree Farm System, compared to 10 percent with the rest of the world.

The primary difference between paperboard and paper is its thickness. Any material thicker than .010" or with a basis weight (grammage) above 224 g/m2 is considered paperboard. (For more information on paperboard types and manufacture, click here.

History
About 2000 years ago, the Chinese were wrapping food in treated mulberry bark, thought to be the first 'paper.' By the first and second centuries CE, hemp, bamboo and other plant fibers were used to refine the process. The technique spread east, moving from Byzantium to Europe by the 10th century. At first, this un-Christian material was looked upon with disfavor. In fact, in 1221, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II declared that any official document written on paper would be deemed invalid by the church.

The art of papermaking was refined over the next 500 years when it finally reached the shores of North America. The need for paperboard boxes in early 18th century America was fueled by demand for hats, jewelry and beads. The first paperboard packaging, manufactured by hand, their sides taped and glued together to form the first set-up boxes, were made to protect hats for ladies, gentlemen and soldiers. Beads and jewelry were also obvious applications of the new packaging. It wasn't until after the end of the Civil War, however, that paperboard packaging became an automated commodity indispensable to consumers.

In the summer of 1864, Captain Robert Gair had seen enough of war. He returned to New York, a veteran of the 79th Highlanders, and with $5,000 capital from his sister's millinery business, opened a paper merchandising business in Brooklyn, N.Y. He sold wrapping paper to stores like Lord & Taylor and Macy's, and as the concept of the modern department store began to grow exponentially, so did Gair's business. He was among the first to automate the production of printed paper bags, heralding the beginning of a revolution in merchandizing. The forerunner of the modern packaging industry, "paper sacks" were offering the consumer unprecedented convenience, from groceries to oysters, from flour even to "paper jars warranted not to soak for one hour."

The Accidental Invention of the Folding Carton
An event occurred in the Spring of 1879 that would prove to be "the annihilation of the cracker barrel." One of Gair's press operators accidentally set a printing rule too high so that instead of printing, the rule slit clean through the paper bag. From this mistake, Gair realized he could create a single die that would both cut and crease at the same time. The folding paper box had been in use for decades, but constructed by hand, it was too expensive and could not be produced in sufficient quantities to meet demand.

Set-Up Boxes
A set-up box can be distinguished from a folding carton in three major ways:


 * Once manufactured, a set-up box will not collapse like a folding carton, hence its other interchangeable name – rigid box.


 * The chipboard substrate used for the walls of a set-up box is as much as four times thicker than the paperboard used to make a folding carton.


 * Unlike folding cartons, printing is rarely applied to the chipboard, but rather to a separate “wrap” of paper which is then adhered to the plain box.

A wide variety of wraps may be applied to a set-up box, including padding, leather, fabric and flocked (a decorative finish accomplished by applying fine fiber particles to the adhesive coated surface of the paper).

Non-bending chipboard, the material most often used for rigid boxes, may range from .040 (40 thousandths of an inch) to .080 or more. Compare this to folding cartons, whose stock may vary from .010 to .036. Note that there are many types of substrate used by folding cartons depending upon the end use of the packaging, but most set-up boxes use chipboard. This is because in set-up box manufacturing, the finishing is done to the wrap, not the substrate.

To learn more about the manufacture of set-up boxes, click here: How to Make a Set-up Box

Why Paperboard?
"the annihilation of the cracker barrel."

Sustainability
To learn more about the benefits of paperboard packaging, visit this link: Paperboard Packaging Council