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Management

For an organization, there must be a supervising person that taking care of all the activities of employees who are below them. Management also defines the same meaning, the administration of an organization. We can see various levels of management [1], it can be in business, social sectors, government bodies, and other nonprofit organization have the management to control and direct the system. Good management always a firmness part of a successful organization that cannot be avoided. The task of the management in an organization consisting of activities to evaluate an organization's strategy and to organize the activities of their employees to achieve their goals by using available and appropriate resources, such as financial, natural, technical, and human resources [2]. A person who is managing the management is referred to as a Manager. Most of the manager's thinkers and researchers had agreed that the person required academic background for playing that role successfully. In order to turn on to a manager, a person has to study certain management processes, how to manage an organization, etc. So the person who needs to turn up as a manager now needs to study the related courses that are available in our universities and colleges now. The courses which help you in this is Bachelor of Commerce (B.com) Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) and if a manager needs to get more advanced studies that also available as Masters of Business Administration (MBA), Master in Management (MSc M). Those who needs more advanced studies or to become the researcher, professors, or experts in the subject has to complete another level of their studies such as Doctor of management (DM), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Doctor of Business administration (DBA) and can take Ph.D. in business management related courses. And we can find out that all CEO and managers in Board are graduated. Hence these courses have given the base for the growth as a manager. When we are looking into the hierarchical system of governance in an organization, we can see a certain level of the person who has various levels of management power and activities. And in a smaller organization, the management roles vary from the large ones. Sometimes in a smaller organization, the single manager needs to look after all the duties of a different hierarchical level. In a larger organization, the hierarchical level of the managers is split into three levels.[3] 1.	Top-Level Managers: They are in the top-level power of the management of the company. they must be the members of the board of directors, chief officials of the company (CEO), or senior managers in the organization. They the one who is taking part in setting the strategic as well as the governance structure of the company. they are responsible for the growth and disobedience in the governance of the organization. The lower-level managers are always reporting to this top level managers and updating their activities to them. 2.	Middle Level Managers: These are the managers who have to deal with the first-line managers, employees, investors, suppliers, and other major parts of the company. they can be the managers of the branch, department, or regional sections in the company. They are conveying the management process to the lower-level managers or the other stakeholders of the company. 3.	Low level managers: The low level managers are directly interacting with the employees such as the team leaders, in charge mangers in a small branch are the examples of the front-line managers. They have to direct their employees with instruction given out by the middle level managers.

Definitions

Here we can see the concepts and definitions of the management. •	Van Fleet & Peterson defines as “As a series of activities aimed at the successful and efficient use of resources in the pursuit of one or more objectives”. •	Megginson, Mosley, and Pietri stated the management as “'Working with human, financial, and physical resources to achieve organizational goals by conducting several phases like planning, coordination, leadership, and control”. •	F W Taylor says that “Management is a way of recognizing what to do and ensuring that it is done in the best and cheapest way”[4]. •	According to Harold Koontz “management is a practice of doing things by and through people in formally organized organizations. It is an art of creating an atmosphere in which individuals can perform and collaborate to accomplish team goals” [5]. •	Kreitner’s definition of management “'Management is a problem-solving method, the achievement of organizational goals efficiently by using finite resources effectively in a dynamic environment”. •	Theoretical explanations Scientific management theory: After (1840-1940) some of the organization are seems to be flourished but their approach related to the working and result has changed, however, their management follows the same approach. So after watching these systems the Fredrick Taylor developed the “scientific management theory”. The management has to take several measures regarding the working style and he put forward to standardize the working styles. The employers have to be treated with rewards for their great effort and if needed punish for the misconduct. And this turns to be a greater advantage for all the organizations [6]. Bureaucratic management Theory: (1930- 1950) Max Webber gilded the scientific management theory with his new theory. Added the concepts of hierarchical levels, which are denoting the authority and control in the organization. He suggested this to make the organization a better development in controlling and coordinating the activities [7]. Humen Relation Movement: After 1930 there was a change that came to the organizations like more attention is given to the individuals working in the organization. Many unions and other employee welfare unions came forward with belief that if an organization would prosper only if their workers are prospered. After that, the human resource department is added for taking care of the needs of the employees with the organization[8].

Management Functions definitions According to Henri Foyal, the management operates by five basic functions: Planning, organizing, commanding, and controlling. •	Planning: the management must construct a plan for the future, they need to develop the strategic goals which help the development of the company and protect the strategies for achieving the future goal. These are carried out by the manager in the management according to their level of the hierarchy. Their task is to study future projects and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of that and also evaluate how that will be affecting the future of the company [9]. •	Organizing: management needs to organize the working patterns for the organization in order to achieve its strategic goals. They are responsible for aligning and structuring the workforce in an efficient manner to perform all the activities of the organization. They are behind the training and recruiting of efficient employees for the organization [10]. •	Commanding: The management or the Manager who is responsible for supervising the employees and inspire them to reach their goals in the company, then only the company will reach its goal successfully. They can command their subordinates but within the standards of the company [11]. •	Coordinating: Management is taken the initiative the coordinating all the activities and workforce in a company. They must harmonize each and everyone in the company and complement one another. •	Controlling: management or a manager has to control and direct every one activity are in line with the policies of the company and goals. If any correction had happened that also will be reported to the higher authority to wipe that from the company.

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