User:Alexander Davronov/sandbox

CPU - link

Interrupt controller
Interrupt controller (IC) allows CPU program to invoke Interrupt Handler which serves as way to operate various motherboard functions which may not necessarily be included into CPU itself. Such as I/O operations or system service routines. External devices may also provide their own interrupt controllers and handlers not to be confused with the CPU's one.

Bus unit
The bus unit contains various circuitry necessary for interaction with RAM and other external devices and components if not done directly (by using specific instruction's implementations such of  of x86-64 ISA) or via I/O bridge. It typically includes bus control units, latches and other micro components for sending or fetching data. CPU may also implement additional components for legacy buses in order to achieve backward-compatibility.

support for older types of implement Simple CPU may implement simple memory interfacing which doesn't require sophisticated circuitry and more advanced may include components such as split transactions bus which acts be simple in uni rather sophisticated i

Debug unit
Modern CPU may also include debug unit which provides features resembling those of the high programming language debuggers and complying with special standard. Such unit can be used to halt CPU, set up breakpoints, trace and fetch memory data/registers data.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0d06/2d731485c22c84c559f5ef6bcaff2ce38f15.pdf

GPU Unit
Some modern processors may also have integrated graphics within a single chip which replace functions of peripheral video card. Additional components like ports on the motherboard are also typically provided.