User:Alexandra.rylander/sandbox

In philosophy of language, Metadiscourse is the discussion about a discussion, as opposed to a simple discussion about a given topic. The study of Metadiscourse helps us recognize and understand how we situate our ideas within writing and speech. Metadiscourse contained within a written work can be any phrase that is included within a clause or sentence that goes beyond the subject itself, often to examine the purpose of the sentence or a response from the author, usually as an introductory adverbial clause. Metadiscourse often includes phrases such as "frankly," "after all," "on the other hand," "to our surprise," and so on.

Hedges
'''"Hedges" are words and phrases that communicate caution to the claim being made within a sentence. Hedge words are removed from the actual subject and rather function as a marker of Metadiscourse. These words and phrases ensure that an audience is aware of the writer's distance from the subject they are reporting on. This technique allows writers to maintain the reliability of their work by establishing that their assertions are made to their best knowledge, but could potentially be rebutted. Some examples of metadiscursive hedges are: "could," "unlikely," "perhaps," "occasionally," "evidently," "generally," "many," etc.'''

Boosters
In writing, a "booster" is a word or phrase that enhances a point the writer makes. Boosters can be identified by examples such as "certainly," "absolutely," "obviously," "always," "demonstrate," etc.

Attitude Markers
'''"Attitude markers" appear when writers signal their feelings towards a subject with certain words or phrases. This type of Metadiscourse may show up in writing when there is the use of words like "unfortunately," "admirably," "agree," and so forth.'''

Hedging in Science Writing
'''In science writing specifically, hedging allows writers to publish scientific information without it coming across as absolute or hypercritical in nature. Therefore, science writers use hedging to communicate knowledge in a way that avoids making non-expert audiences entirely confident in the text. Hedging in science writing may look like this:'''

'''In some cases, using hedges in science writing can disrupt the way scientific information is processed by the reader by making the statement seem slightly uncertain. This is purposeful and allows science writers to establish their distance from the topic of study, while still reporting the relevant findings of the experts.'''