User:Alexmontano/sandbox

Nella Larsen's Wikipedia page; added more information under passing section.

"Clare and Irene were two childhood friends, both of African and European ancestry. They lost touch when Clare's father died, and she moved in with two paternal white aunts. She started to 'pass' as a white woman and married a white man, who is a racist.

Irene lives in Harlem, where she identifies as black and commits herself to racial uplift. She marries a black doctor. The novel begins as the two childhood friends meet later in life. Events unfold as each woman is fascinated and seduced by the other's lifestyle. The novel traces a tragic path, as Irene becomes suspicious that her husband is having an affair with Clare. (The reader is never told whether her fears are justified or not, and numerous cues point in both directions). Clare's mixed race is revealed to her husband John Bellew. The novel ends with Clare's sudden death by "falling" out of a top floor window in a multi-story apartment building. The end of the novel is famous for its ambiguity, which leaves open the possibility that Irene pushed Clare out the window, Clare fell accidentally or she committed suicide."

My Edit: In Larsen's Novel Passing it starts with Irene receiving this mysterious letter from her childhood friend Clare after they reconnected at the Drayton after twelve years without communication. Irene and Clare lost contact with each other after the death of Clare's father Bob Kendry, where Clare was sent to live with her white aunts. Both Irene and Clare come from African and European ancestry, which allows them to pass over. Clare chose to fully pass as a white woman by marrying a white racist named John Bellew, but unlike Clare, Irene passes as a white woman on occasion. Irene is still strongly connected to her African heritage. Irene is married to an African American doctor named Brian and together they have two sons. After reconnecting with each other they both have a fascination with each others lifestyles. Irene meets with Clare and another one of their childhood friends named Gertrude, during that meeting Mr. Bellew joins the ladies and greets his wife with a racial comment as if he did not know his wife was half black. Irene becomes furious with the fact that Clare did not tell her husband she is half black. Irene believes Clare has put herself in a dangerous situation by lying to a person who hates blacks. After meeting Clare's husband Irene does not want anything to do with Clare but still keeps in contact with her. Clare begins to join Irene and Brian to all of their events in Harlem, New York while her husband goes out of town. Because Irene has jealous feelings towards Clare she begins to believe her husband and Clare are having and affair together. The Novel ends with John Bellew finding out Clare's mixed race and Clare ends up "falling" out of a multi-story building window. Larsen ends the novel without telling us if Clare committed suicide, if she was pushed by Irene, or if it was an accident.

second paragraph: added to Passing Wikipedia page under subtitle critical reception 5/18/17:

My edit: Scholarly essays like Catherine Rottenberg’s "Passing: Race, Identification, and Desire", she argues how Larsen’s novella is prime example of race and gender norms portrayed in the United States. Rottenberg uses the main characters, Irene and Clare, and their struggle with their own identification problems in the novel to help the readers understand the difference between gender and race norms by using examples of how the characters use passing according to the way general race norms operate. Rottenberg focuses on the fact that these two central character's are able to pass as white women even though Irene does not fully pass over, she argues the difference between Clare and Irene by re-evaluating the idea of desire/identification. The mis-identification Clare deals with stems from her re-connection with Irene after twelve years of not speaking. Seeing Irene sparked a desire in Clare for her to get back in touch with her African American culture. Irene's identification trouble is associated with her need to feel safe and in control in her life, the main reason Irene chooses to pass over only on occasion. Irene doesn't want to put herself into a dangerous situation.