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= Polycoria =

Epidemiology
Polycoria is extremely rare and not one of the more common eye disorders. Polycoria is often congenital, however not diagnosed until adulthood. The general cause of polycoria is unknown, but there are some other eye conditions that are in association with polycoria. These include (although not often) polar cataracts, glaucoma, abnormally long eyelashes, abnormal eye development, and poor vision. There have been cases diagnosed from age 3 to adulthood. The prevalence of true polycoria is minimal.

True Polycoria
In cases of true polycoria, there is an extra pupil that tends to be reactive to light and medication. It dilates and contracts simultaneously with these triggers and in conjunction with the true pupil. In cases of true polycoria there is an intact sphincter muscle, which contracts and dilates the pupils.

Pseudopolycoria
In cases of pseudopolycoria there is a “passive constriction” that differentiates the extra pupil from the true pupil during constriction and dilation. Pseudopolycoria is often associated with Seckel syndrome, posterior polymorphous dystrophy, and juvenile glaucoma.

History
Since true polycoria and pseudopolycoria are so rare, there is not much history on the disorders. According to an article published in 2002, there have only been 2 cases of of true polycoria since 1966.

Prevention
There is no current known preventative measures for polycoria, however genetic testing may be able to reveal genetic patterns of the disorder.

Genetics
The gene that is the cause of this disorder is the PRDM5 gene. The PRDM5 gene has also been linked to Brittle Cornea syndrome, which is a tissue disorder of the eye. PRDM5 plays crucial roles in the molecular composition of the eye, as well as the tissue thickness.