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Abdumuta'ali Kamal (Khälpäm Häzrät)

Abdumuta'ali Kamal, also known as Mutali Hälpät and Khälpäm Häzrät (1868-1960) – outstanding Muslim religious leader of Ghulja (Ili) in Eastern Turkestan, Minister of Religious Affairs of the Second Eastern Turkistan Republic (ETR), 1944-1959, enlightener and educator, founder of modern Uyghur schools in the Ili valley, promoter of the Uyghur poetry.  Biography Was born in Qorghas of the Russian-Qing frontier area in 1868 to the family of Kamal Haji (hwaji), descendent of Abdukarim Khan, a vizier of the Moghul Tughluk Tomur Khan (1329-1262/1363). Genealogical lineage of Kamal Haji was as follows: 1) Abdukarim Khan, 2) Enghush, 3) Iliyar, 4) Yaqup, 5) Ilyas, 6) molla Turdi, 7) Ibrahim sheikh, 8) Ismail sheikh, 9) Kamal Haji. Kamal Hajis, whose name became family name of the latest generations, has three sons: Abduvali damolla (1865-1928), Abdumuta’ali Hälpät (1868-1960), Abdul’äziz Hälpät (1871-1920). Kamal Haji took active part in the national liberation movement of the Uyghurs against Manchu-Chinese governance, which resulted in 1864 in the formation of the Taranchi Sultanate on the Ili valley. He was in close contacts with the Uyghur poet Bilal Nazim (Molla Bilal). He got married to Zuhra, daughter of Tatar Abdurakhman damolla, while his younger brother also married to Tatar by name Gulsum.

Enlightener

Kamal Haji’s sons were educated in the famous medrese across the Ili valley and outside of it. Abduvali damolla got religious education in Bukhara, while others studied in Yarkent and Ghuljia, where Tatars’ influence was quite strong. Kamal Haji’s family moved to the Ili valley in the 1880s and settled in Yarkent (Zharkent), where Abdumuta’ali Kamal first was a disciple of the poets Kolla Ili Haji and Nizamiddin Akhun. Those years the Tatar educator Abdrahman damolla settled in Yarkent and opened new method schools (usuli jaded). Abdumuta’ali Kamal studied in one of such schools. In 1895 Abdurakhman damolla took him to Ghulja, where Abdumuta’ali Kamal opened one the first secular schools, which later became known as “Taaliya mektivi” (Taaliya school). Abdumuta’ali Kamal taught himself and supervised the school, providing financial support to poor students. ''' Religious leader and scholar ''' Abdumuta’ali Kamal was one of the well-known leaders of the Sufi brotherhood of Naqshbandiya. Title “Hälpät” was given to the Sufi sheikhs. His father, grandfather and grand grandfather were sheikhs of the Qorgas Mazar (Ismail sheikh, Israil sheikh, Ibrahim sheikh). Abdumuta’ali Kamal wrote the work “16 farz in Islam”, “Qur’an’s tefsirs” (co-authored with Dungan Lorunzha-akhun. It is known that the Publishing house of Huseyin Yunusov published his works on Islam entitled “Riyazis salihin”, “Emeliy namaz”, “Ebuvabul enbiye” and “Qevaidual elal”.  Minister of Religious Affairs Abdumuta’ali Kamal was appointed Minister of Religious Affairs in the government of the Second Eastern Turkistan Republic set up on 12 November 1944 in Ghulja. One of his deputies at this position was Teyipzat Hälpät.  Abdumuta’ali Kamal became a member of the political organization “Shinjangda techliq ve helqchiliqni himaye qilish ittipaqi” set up on 1 August 1948.

Under Chinese Communist power

With establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Chinese authorities tried to attract former leaders of the ETR to the state positions in the 1950-1960s. In the 1950s, he was elected a permanent member of the Political Council of Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region. Abdumuta’ali Kamal was persecuted during political campaigns against local nationalism. He passed away in 1960. ''' Promotion of the Uyghur poetry ''' Abdumuta’ali Kamal collected manuscripts and kept them in his library in Ghulja. He preserved lyrical verses by Bilal Nazim (Molla Bilal) which he received from his father Kamal Haji who had close contacts with the poet. A set of Bilal Nazim’s poets kept by Abdumuta’ali Kamal was published first by Kazakhstan’s scholar Saut Mollaudov in Almaty (1976), then by his son Mehemetkhan Kamal and Zeidin Tursun in the journal “Ili deryasi”, Ghulja (1985).

Descendants of Abdumuta'ali Kamal

Descendants of Abdumuta'ali Kamal reside in many countries of the world: besides Ghulja area, they live in Kyrgyzstan (sisters Akimovs etc., Azat Kamalov), Kazakhstan (Methat Kamalov, Prod. Ablet Kamalov), Uzbekistan (Farkhad Amirov), the United Kingdom (Hamit Ibrahim), France (Dr. Mukeddes Mijit), Turkey (Dr. Megfiret Yunusoglu Kemal, Dr. Muhebbet Kemal Kocak), Australia (Selime Kemal and others), etc.


 * 1.	Kamal Mehemethan, Zeridin Tursun. Molla Bilal binni Molla Yusup (Nazimi) vä “Ghezeliyet” // Ili deryasi. 1985. #5. P. 30-46.
 * 2.	Ibrahim I., Musa E. Ili yeqinqi zaman penni maaripi toghrisida qisqiche bayan // Ili deryasi. 1985. #4. P. 67-80.
 * 3.	Abdumejit, Ädhäm. Ili ma’aripigha tökulgen tär // Ili tarih materialliri. 2003. #11. P. 122.
 * 4.	Kamalov, Ablet. Hälpäm Häzrät Abdumuta’ali Kamal: hayati ve ijadiyiti // Jj’atkar. 2021. #1 (15). P. 117-127.
 * 5.	Kamalov, Ablet. Religiya i politika v Vostochno-Turkestanskoi Respublike: zhizn’ i deyatelnost’ Abdumuta’ali Hälpät // Ejelghi tarihtyng tamyrshysy. Almaty: Qazaq universiteti, 2020. P. 121-131.
 * 6.	Mijit, Mukaddas. Le soufisme chez les Uyghur/Ouigours de Ghulja. Le voie des anciens // Edudes Orientales. 2016. # 27-28 (1-2). Ed. by F. Aubin, B. Ghalioun, M.-P. Hille. P. 125
 * 7.	Mollaudov, S. Bilal Nazim hayati vä izhadi. Almuta: Nauka, 1976. P. 16.
 * 8.	Molla Bilalning Gäzäliyati (neshirge teyarlighuzhi Nimsheit Armiya) // Ittipaq. 1985. #5. P. 30-46.
 * 9.	Forbes A.D. Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia. A political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge-New York-Sidney, 1986. P. 259-260.