User:Alveenashabbir/sandbox

LIPID PROFILE Oral cancer is among the tenth most  common causes of death and the most prevalent of all cancers.1 It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Oral cancer is usually preceded by premalignant lesions and conditions such as oral submucous fibrosis ,oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus. Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the commonest premalignant condition which has the tendency to develop oral cancer. Malignant transformation rate of oral submucous fibrosis is around 7-12%. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, disease of the oral mucosa, which was first described by Schwartz in 1952.nd defined by Pindborg  in 1966 as “Oral submucous fibrosis is usually associated with vesicle formation and and an epithelial and sub epithelial inflammatory reaction followed by a fibroelastic change of the lamina propria resulting in epithelial atrophy and stiffness of the oral mucosa.” Early detection of premalignant lesions and oral cancer is very important. Early detection of these lesions can dramatically improve the treatment outcome and prognosis in such patients. In recent years, detection of molecular markers is being emphasized. Body fluids such as saliva, blood, urine and others are used for early diagnosis, predicting prognosis and monitoring the progression of diseases Blood based tests is more appealing; with the view of its ease, economic advantage and possibility to repeat sampling. Lipids are essential biomolecules for maintenance of various biological functions including stabilization of deoxyribonucleic acid helix, cell growth and division in normal as well as in malignant tissues. The usefulness of variations in plasma or serum lipid levels in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, heart diseases has been studied by several workers. An inverse association between cancer and serum cholesterol concentrations has been observed in various cancers.

In oral malignancies, the blood cholesterol undergoes significant and early changes. Because of rapidly proliferating tumor cells, there is reduction in blood cholesterol levels due to increased demand. There are many theories put forth explaining the association of altered lipid profile and potentially malignant or malignant disorders: •	 Newly forming and rapidly proliferating malignant cells need many basic components such as lipids well above the normal physiological limits, leading to diminished lipid stores •	Tobacco induces generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species responsible for high rate of oxidation/peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which affects cell membrane and in turn lead to increased utilization of lipids