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ELGOIBAR
Elgoibar

Elgoibar (Spanish: Elgóibar) is an industrial town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Autonomous Community of Basque Country, northern Spain. Located in a valley, it is traversed by the Deba river. Elgoibar is nicknamed the "capital city of the Machine tool". Originally the town was called Villamayor de Marquina, but it had been founded in a place called before Elgoibar field. The town came to be known by this name a few centuries of its foundation. Until the mid-fifteenth century it appears in the documentation as Villamayor de Marquina, but in the statutes of the Brotherhood of Gipuzkoa of 1457 and 1463 years appears with the Elgoibar name and it has prevailed until today. Elgoibar name has been used in Spanish and in Basque in order to refer to the small town. The unique difference is that in Spanish the name Elgoibar has an accent mark in its "o". Elgoibar etymologically comes from the Basque language and is possibly composed of the word meaning elge field (usually cultivated) and safely by ibar word which means valley and plain. Therefore, “elge ibar” would be a similar term to vega or plain cultivated field and would have resulted in Elgoibar. The etymology would remain quite well with the mention of Elgoibar field that appears in the settlement charter of the town.

Economy
Since the very beginning of the establishment of the Ville, the industrial nature was very relevant. The king kept for himself the strip mining of the minerals such as gold or silver, and the ironworks production. As Tómas López described in 1800 “ The industrialization transformed that protoindustry, on a machinery tools factories network; like this is how this village turned into being the “capital city of the Machine Tool”. Main companies The following list includes companies that are located in Elgoibar, and that have at least an staff of 50 people according to the Basque Industry catalog:


 * Alcorta Brockhaus, S.A.: Manufacturer of components of forged steel for the automotive industry.
 * VS Added Value Solutions: Designing and manufacturing equipments for the industry of science and machine tool industry.
 * Bernardo Ecenarro, S.A.: Manufacturing paints and special coverers for the automotive industry
 * Doimak: Manufacturing rectifier machines
 * Engranajes Grindel, S.A.: Manufacturer of gears.
 * Etxe-Tar, S.A.: Machine Tool Industry

Local Festivities
Elgoibar celebrates festivity in honor of its patron; San Bartolome and San Anton. The latter is the patron of the villa. In addittion there are a number of celebrations that are celebrated in unison of the region or the country such as San Blas, Carnivals or the Eve of St. Agatha. There is cattle fair the last Saturday of each month and specially the last Saturday of the year, Gabon Zahar Feria.

Then, there are smaller celebrations in the rural districts and the hermitages like the pilgrimage of Santiago Sargoate day.
 * San Anton festivity, second landlord of the town, on 17 of January.
 * San Bartolome, the patron of Elgoibar, on August 23.
 * San Juan festivity, on June 23.

Outstanding people from Elgoibar
Militaries and Governors


 * Martin Iñiguez de Carquizano (?¿-1527): sea man that took part in the Garcia Jofre de Loaisa expedition.
 * Gabriel de Crucelegui (1635-1689): governor of Philippines.

Religious people


 * Domingo de Alzola XVI century: Guadalajara's archbishop.
 * Francisco Aguirre (1863-1941): misionary priest in China.

Industrial people


 * Eulogio Estarta (1891-1955): industrial. Fundator of the local company "SIGMA".
 * Bernando Ecenarro (1873-1956): industrial.

Writers


 * Pedro Miguel Urruzuno (1844-1923): priest and basque writer.
 * Jasone Osoro (1971): journalist and basque writer.
 * Gotzon Garate (1934-2008): basque writer, philosopher, philologist and jesuit.
 * Hasier Etxeberria (1957): jorunalist and writer. Broadcaster of the literary TV progam Sautrela in ETB
 * Uxue Alberdi (1984): journalist, writer and improviser of basque verse.

Pelota Players


 * Roque Echave, Echave II (1938)
 * Ignacio Cortabitarte (1912-1998)
 * Javier Arriola Lizarralde, Arriola IV

Football players


 * Jose Luis González (1964): footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Real Sociedad and Valencia C.F, among others.
 * Tiburcio Beristain (1904-1959): footballer.
 * Fernando Ansola (1940-1986): international football player who played in the Real Oviedo, Real Betis, Valencia C.F and Real Sociedad.
 * Juan Cruz Sol (1947): international footballer who played in the Real Madrid and Valencia C.F.
 * Markel Bergara (1986): football player that currently is playing in the Real Sociedad.
 * Ricardo Suarez (1923-2008): football player who played in the Real Sociedad and Granada C.F, among others.
 * Joseba Etxeberria (1977): international football player who played in the Real Sociedad and Athletic Club.
 * Itziar Gurrutxaga (1977): international football player who played in the Athletic Club EFT.
 * Zuhaitz Gurrutxaga (1980): football player who played in the Real Sociedad.
 * Elisabeth Ibarra (1981): international football player that currently plays in the Athletic Club EFT.

Other sports


 * Juan Muguerza (1900-1937): athlete.
 * Jose Maria Benavides (1945): yachtsman. 11 times Spanish champion and twice olympique winner.

Bullfighter


 * Luis Mazzantini (1856-1926)

Politicians


 * Jaime Arrese (1936-1980): Mayor of Elgoibar in the 70s. Murdered by Comandos Autonomos anticapitalistas
 * Francisco Javier Ansuategui (1937): conservative politician.
 * Arnaldo Otegui (1958): Basque national politician, Sortu's chief of staff.

Main companies

The following list includes companies that are located in Elgoibar, and that have at least an staff of 50 people according to the Basque Industry catalog:
 * Alcorta Brockhaus, S.A.: Manufacturer of components of forged steel for the automotive industry.
 * AVS Added Value Solutions: Designing and manufacturing equipments for the industry of science and machine tool industry.
 * Bernardo Ecenarro, S.A.: Manufacturing paints and special coverers for the automotive industry
 * Doimak: Manufacturing rectifier machines
 * Engranajes Grindel, S.A.: Manufacturer of gears.
 * Etxe-Tar, S.A.: Machine Tool Industry

Clima
Punta del Diablo se encuentra en el Hemisferio sur con un clima templado compuesto de cuatro estaciones. Las temperaturas tienen un promedio de 21 °C hasta 27 °C (70 °F hasta 80 °F) en verano y 10 °C hasta 16 °C (50 °F hasta 60 °F) en invierno. Turismo La temporada alta para el turismo es de Diciembre hasta Febrero, pero en algunas ocasiones se encuentran muchos turista durante Semana Santa. Durante la temporada alta la población del pueblo pasa de 400 personas hasta aproximadamente 25 000. Los turistas alquilan casas y cabañas o permanecen en hoteles y Bed and Breakfast que están abiertos únicamente durante la temporada alta. Sin embargo, algunas excepciones como el hotel El Diablo Tranquilo permanece abierto durante todo el año. En el año 2008, Lonely Planet clasificó Punta del Diablo entre las 10 primeras ciudades para visitar. Ese año los turistas llegaron a ser poco más de 20.000. De hecho su popularidad creció tan rápidamente que muchos inversores están interesados en comprar terreno. Este crecimiento del turismo y el clima de inversión positivo de Uruguay son atractivos para los inversores extranjeros.

Transporte
Punta del Diablo es una ciudad muy pequeña en media hora a pie puedes recorrer todo el pueblo. Hay un autobús que va de la estación de autobuses hasta la playa, pero también se encuentran algunos taxi que suelen estar parqueados frente a la estación de autobuses. En la misma estación de autobuses puedes consultar los horarios de los autobuses que van al Chuy ( frontera con Brasil), Rocha y Montevideo; suelen tener horarios muy frecuentes y los precios varían según la compañía que elijas pero son muy abordables. En el verano hay un servicio que te lleva hasta las ciudades costeras de la Paloma, La Piedra y Punta del Este. Se aconseja reservar plazas antes de viajar en el mes de Enero, algunos reservan plazas hasta 1 semana antes. De Montevideo hacia Punta del Diablo: Estando en Montevideo tienes la posibilidad de tomar un autobús hasta punta del Diablo son aproximadamente 4 horas. Estos autobuses te dejan en la estación de autobús de Punta del Diablo que se encuentra aproximadamente a 5km del centro. O también existe la posibilidad de alquilar un coche en Montevideo y usarlo para recorrer la costa Uruguaya. De Buenos Aires hacia Punta del Este Con el coche: Se llega a Punta del Diablo tomando la salida hacia Rosario y viajando en la Ruta 14 hasta Gualeguaychú y atravesando el puente fronterizo Puerto Unzué (Argentina)- Fray Bentos (Uruguay). Luego se tomar la Ruta 2 hacia Florencio Sánchez hasta que se cruce con la Ruta 11. Se llegue en la Ruta 9 y luego a Punta del Diablo. Con el ferry: Puedes viajar con el ferry de Buquebus que te lleva hasta Colonia o directamente hasta Montevideo ( los precios varían), con el ferry puedes ir en coche también pero tendrás que pagar algo más para este servicio. Desde Colonia o Montevideo tomar un autobús hasta Punta del Diablo. Tener en cuenta que este trayecto es un viaje de un dia entero. Autobús: Se pueden consultar los horarios de la terminal Tres Cruces hasta Montevideo. Este transporte no es recomendable porque es muy lento y puede llegar a durar 24h. De Florianopolis (Brasil) hacia Punta del Diablo Con el coche: pueden llegar a Punta del Diablo por Porto Alegre. Tomando la autopista BR-290 ( con mucho tráfico) o BR-101 hasta Osorio y luego tomando la BR-290 hasta Porto Alegre. Desde Porto Alegre se puede dirigir hasta el Chuy que está a 42 km de Punta del Diablo. Autobus: Hay autobus de Florianópolis hacia el Chuy y de ahí autobuses de compañías uruguayas hasta Punta del Diablo. Algunas compañías de autobuses Uruguayas: COT, Ruta del Sol. Actividades Montar a caballo. Durante todo el año, los visitantes pueden alquilar caballos o reservar excursiones guiadas a caballo en la playa o en el bosque.

Dune Boarding. Parecido al snowboard pero el dune boarding solo se hace en la dunas de arena. La tienda de surf en Punta del Diablo vende tableros de dunas. Sugerencias en Punta del Diablo para duning incluyen el extremo sur de la playa de La Viuda.

Surf. Los sitios de surf enfrente de las playas de Punta Diablo ofrecen surf relativamente consistente y con poca gente. Las mejores condiciones para practicar en deporte están en el otoño y el invierno. Los visitantes pueden alquilar o comprar tablas de surf en el Surf Shop que se encuentra en la carretera principal.

Sitios interesantes
Playas Playas de arena blanca, las principales son: Los Botes ( Playa de los Pescadores), playa del Rivero ( en temporada alta se abren muchos bares), playa de La Viuda ( lugar ideal para surferos). Parque Nacional Santa Teresa, se encuentra a 5 km de Punta del Diablo. 3000 hectáreas con aproximadamente 2 millones de árboles. Fortaleza de Santa Teresa ( monumento histórico ) Laguna Negra ( Laguna de los Difuntos) Bosque de Ombúes, se ofrecen visitas guiadas en Jeep. Centro de Tortugas Marinas, proponen un programa de voluntariado.

BISCAYAN DIALECT
Biscayan, sometimes Bizkaian (Basque: Bizkaiera, Spanish: Vizcaino) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken mainly in Biscay, one of the provinces of the Basque Country of Spain. It is named as Western in the Basque dialects' classification drawn up by linguist Koldo Zuazo, since it is not only spoken in Biscay but also extends slightly into the Northern fringes of Alava and deeper in the Western part of Gipuzkoa. The dialect's territory bears great similarity to that of the Caristii tribe, as described by Roman authors. While it is treated as stylish to write in Biscayan and the dialect is still spoken generally in about half of Biscay and some other municipalities, it suffers from the double pressure of Unified Basque and Spanish.

Sociolinguistic Features
In the words of Georges Lacombe, because of the special personality of this dialect, Euskera could well be divided into two groups of dialects: the Bicayan and the rest. He argued that this dialect was so different from the rest, that the isoglosses separating it from the adjacent dialects (Gipuzkoan or central) are so close to each other that form a clear line; that is, the phonetic-phonological, morphosyntactic and lexical features of Biscayan coincide geographically to the point of creating a distinctively clear and defined dialectical border. Because of these differences both with the rest of the Basque dialects and also with batua, and respecting their corresponding uses, Euskaltzaindia has produced a Model for Written Biscayan (In Basque: Bizkaieraren idatzizko ereduaren finkapenak), a set of rules mainly focused on morphosyntax. The official use of the dialects of Euskera is legislated Regulation 137 of Euskaltzaindia, according to which the use of batua should be limited to the fields of communication, administration and teaching. Since 1997 and according to the new dialectical classification realized by Koldo Zuazo, author of "Euskalkiak. Herriaren lekukoak" (Elkar, 2004), the name given to Biscayan is Western Dialect, due to its use not being limited to the province of Bizcaya, but with users in some Gipuzkoan regions such as Debagoiena (mainly) and Debabarrena, and also some Alavan municipalities such as Aramaio (Aramayona) and Legutio (Villarreal). According to study by Yrizar, this dialect was spoken in the seventies by around 200,000 people, with the number of estimated speakers approaching 300,000 by the eighties. In 1991 16% of the population if this province could speak Basque, and data gathered in 2001 data 22% of the total 1.122.710 Biscayans (i.e. 247,000) could speak and write in Basque. However, this data is only illustrative, as there is no record of how many of the Basque speakers spoke Biscayan specifically and it does not take into account Biscayan speakers in Gipuzcoan territory (Bergara, Leintz Gatzaga, Mondragon, Oñati, etc.)

Subdialects and Variations
Biscayan is not a homogeneous dialect, it has two subdialects and eight main variations.

Western Subdialect
Uribe-Kosta
 * Mungialdea
 * Txorierri
 * Nerbion Valley
 * Zeberio
 * Arratia
 * Orozko

Variations

 * 1) Dialectal variation around the border between the Western and Eastern subdialects. The territory includes: Busturialdea, Otxandio and Villarreal.
 * 2) Dialectal variation happens the border between the Western dialect (Biscayan) and the Central dialect (Gipuzkoan). The territory includes: Elgoibar, Deba, Mendaro and Mutriku.

Eastern Subdialect

 * Lea-Artibai
 * Durangaldea
 * Aramaio
 * Debagoiena
 * Debabarrena
 * Ermua
 * Eibar
 * Soraluze

Geography and History
The borders of Biscayan match those of the pre-roman tribe of the Caristii, which is probably not a coincidence. Biscay was formerly included, along with Alava and the Valley of Amezcoa, within the ecclesiastical circumscription of Calahorra, which explains the wide influence of Biscayan (or Western Dialect) in the language of these regions. This does not mean Alavan dialect (nowadays extinct) would have had the same features as the Biscayan, but rather some common characteristics with a personality of its own.

Phonology

 * Some features of Biscayan as perceived by other dialect speakers may be summed up as follows:
 * The verb root "eutsi" used for the dative auxiliary verb (NOR-NORI-NORK), e.g. "dosku"/"deusku" vs. "digu".
 * Auxiliary verb forms "dot - dok - dozu" most of the times, as opposed to general Basque "dut".
 * Convergence of sibilants: z, x and s > x, s and tz, tx and ts > tz.
 * Clusters -itz generally turned into -tx, e.g. "gaitza" > "gatxa".
 * The conspicuous absence of past tense 3rd person mark z- at the beginning of auxiliary verbs, e.g. "eban" vs. "zuen".
 * Assimilation in vowel clusters at the end of the noun phrase, notably -ea > -ie/i and -oa > -ue/u.
 * v-Ñ-v ending words, as opposed to the Beterri Gipuzkoan v-Y-v: konstituziño vs konstituziyo, standard Basque konstituzio.
 * In spelling, it has no h and it has -iñ- and -ill- where standard Basque has -in- and -il-.

Vocabulary
Biscayan dialect has a very rich lexicon, with vocabulary varying from region to region, and from town to town. For example while gura (to want) and txarto (bad) are two words widely used in Biscayan, some Biscayan speaker might use nahi (for to want) and gaizki (for bad), which are generally used in other dialects. One of the current main experts in local vocabulary is Iñaki Gaminde, who in the last years has extensively researched and published on this subject.


 * abade: priest (batua and other dialects: "apaiz").
 * agorril: August.
 * aitite/aittitte/aitxitxe: grandfather (batua: "aitona").
 * amaitu/ama(i)txu: to finish (batua and other dialects: "amaitu" or "bukatu").
 * amama: grandmother (batua: "amona").
 * amata(t)u: to shut down/turn off (other dialects: "itzali").
 * artazi(a)k: scissors
 * bagil: June (batua: "ekain").
 * baltz: black (batua and other dialects: "beltz").
 * bari(xa)ku: Friday (batua: "ostiral").
 * baso: hill/mountain (Note: in other dialects "baso" means "forest").
 * batzar: meeting (other dialects: "biltzar").
 * beilegi: yellow (batua and other dialects: "hori").
 * berba: word (other dialects: "hitz" or "ele").
 * berakatz: garlic (other dialects: "baratxuri").
 * domeka: Sunday (batua and other dialects: "igande" or "jai eguna" = "holiday").
 * ederto: good, well, satisfied, expression showing agreement... literally means "beautifully" (other dialects: "ederki").
 * edur: snow (batua and other dialects: "elur").
 * eguazten: Wednesday (batua: "asteazken").
 * eguen: Thursday (batua: "ostegun").
 * garagarril: July (en euskara batua es "uztail").
 * gatzatua: curd (other dialects: "mamia").
 * gitxi: little, not much (batua and other dialects: "gutxi").
 * gura/gure: to want, to desire (other dialects: "nahi").
 * izara: sheet (other dialects:"maindire").
 * izeko: aunt (batua and other dialects: "izeba").
 * lorail: May (batua: "maiatz").
 * ilbaltz: January (batua: "urtarril").
 * ilen: Monday (batua and other dialects: "astelehen" or astelen).
 * indaba: Bean (other dialects: "babarrun").
 * jaramon: to pay attention (batua and other dialects: "arreta", "kasu"...).
 * jezarri: to sit (other dialects: "eseri").
 * jausi: to fall (other dialects: "erori" or "amildu").
 * jorrail: April (batua: "apiril").
 * kirikino: hedgehog (batua and other dialects: "triku" or "sagarroi").
 * karu: expensive (batua and other dialects: "garesti").
 * korta: stable (batua and other dialects: "ukuilu", "tegi", "abeltegi", "barruki", "saltai"...).
 * labandu: to slip (other dialects: "labain").
 * lantzean behin: sometimes, every now and then (batua and other dialects: "noizean behin" or "noizbehinka").
 * lapiko: pot, pan (batua and other dialects: "lapiko" or "eltze").
 * lar, larregi: too much (other dialects: "gehiegi", "aski", "sobera").
 * le(ge)z: like, such as... (other dialects: "bezala").
 * lei: ice (batua and other dialects: "izotz", "jela", "horma").
 * lepo: back (body part) (batua and other dialects: "bizkar". Note: "lepo" in batua and other dialects means "neck").
 * lotu: to stop (en euskara batua y otros dialecto es "gelditu").
 * madari: pera (batua and other dialects: "udare" or "txermen".
 * mailuki: strawberry (batua and other dialects: "marrubi").
 * mihin: tongue (body part) (batua and other dialects: "mihi").
 * martitzen: martes (en euskara batua es "astearte").
 * mosu: face (batua and other dialects: "aurpegi").
 * motz: ugly (batua and other dialects: "itsusi". Note: "motz" in batua and other dialects means short).
 * odoloste: black pudding/blood sausage (batua and other dialects: "odolki").
 * okela: meat (batua "okela" or "haragi").
 * olgeta: game, fun, joke (batua and other dialects: "olgeta" or "jolas"
 * oratu: to arrive, to take/grab, to hold (other dialects: "heldu").
 * ortu: fruit/vegetable garden (batua "ortu" or "baratz", other dialects: "baratz").
 * osatu: to heal (batua "osatu" or "sendatu").
 * oste: behind (other dialects: "atze").
 * ostarku: rainbow (other dialects: "ostadar").
 * otu: occur/come to mind (other dialects: "bururatu").
 * papar: breast (batua: "bular" or "papar")
 * pernil: ham (batua and other dialects: "urdaiazpiko" or "xingarra").
 * sama: neck (other dialects: "lepo").
 * txarto: bad (batua and other dialects: "gaizki" or "txarto"
 * txiker: small (batua and other dialects: "txiki" or "tipi").
 * txilio: shout/scream (other dialects: "garrasi").
 * udagoien: fall/autumn (batua: "udazken").
 * uger egin: to swim (batua and other dialects: "igeri egin").
 * urre: near (other dialects: "hurbil", "gertu").
 * urrin: far (other dialects: "urrun").
 * uzki: anus (other dialects: "ipurtzulo" o "ipurdi").
 * zapatu: Saturday (batua: "larunbata").
 * zarama: trash (other dialects: "zabor" or "zakar").
 * zelan: how (other dialects: "nola" or "zer moduz").
 * zemendi: November (batua "azaro").
 * zezeil: February (batua: "otsail").

Radio
Bizkaia Irratia: FM 96.7 Arrakala Irratia: FM 106 (Lekeitio). Arrate Irratia: FM 87.7 (Eibar). Irratia Arrasate irratia: FM 107.7 (Debagoiena). Bilbo Hiria Irratia: FM 96.0 (Bilbao). Itsuki Irratia: FM 107.3 (Bermeo). Matrallako Irratixa: FM 102.8 (Eibar). Radixu Irratia: FM 105.5 (Ondarroa). Tas-Tas: FM 95 (Bilbao).

Newspaper

 * Goiena: Debagoiena
 * Magazine
 * Aikor: Txorierri.
 * Anboto: Durangaldea.
 * Bagabiz Aldizkaria: Gernika.
 * Barren: Elgoibar.
 * Begitu: Arratia.
 * Berton: Bilbao.
 * Bizkaie: Txurdinaga, Bilbao.
 * Drogetenitturri: Ermua.
 * Eta kitto!: Eibar.
 * Kalaputxi: Mutriku.
 * Pil-pilean: Soraluze.
 * Prest!: Deusto, Bilbao.
 * Television
 * GOITB: Debagoiena.
 * Urdaibai Telebista: Gernika.