User:AmazingJus/sandbox/blackcountry

Consonants

 * T-glottalization is frequently found amongst teenagers and also variably common amongst young adults, but very rare in the elderly. It is also more prevalent before approximants and word-final environments. A moderate form (instead of ) is also found, but notably among teenagers and young female adults.  is another possible allophone for  when prevocalic.
 * Similarly, are also glottalised, though less so with.
 * Ng-coalescence is common, being especially common in conscious speech and generally among women. G dropping is also present in colloquial speech amongst teenagers and the elderly. is the most common amongst the middle class.
 * The dental fricatives may be labialised in a growing amount of teenagers especially boys. It is mainly found in initial and medial positions such as three and bother, with the exception of function words such as the, this and that. The standard forms  are standard amongst adults.
 * H-dropping is extremely common including when reading, though may be pronounced in some older middle-class speakers.
 * Yod-dropping is frequent with teenagers and sometimes with the elderly, especially with the word new . It is also prevalent when reading.
 * While the accent is non-rhotic, linking and intrusive R is present. It is generally realised as a postalveolar, but a tapped can sometimes be found intervocallically. R-labialisation (where  is labialised to ), prevalent in several British dialects, is rare in the Black Country.
 * Dark l (where is pronounced as ) is extremely common, found in all positions among males and careful speech, but a clear realisation  is also realised by females prevocalically, such as a lot.
 * L-vocalization, found word-medially and word-finally, is also common, but especially frequent amongst younger speakers. It is also reported in careful reading.

Monophthongs

 * The vowel is generally very front, short and open  compared to northern dialects, however a more northern  can sometimes be heard among older males. Sometimes an archaic, overlong  can be heard even among teenagers, such as in champion.
 * The trap-bath split is typically absent, using in words like laugh, chance and fast, though sometimes a more RP-like  can be heard infrequently in more careful pronunciation, particularly among females.
 * is typically with an occasional . An archaic, receding  or  can be used when the word is descended from Old English a (such as wash, from Old English wasċan).
 * Most speakers realise with a monophthongal, although diphthongal  can sometimes be found among the elderly.
 * A close and central for  is typical in reading text, especially for teenagers and the elderly. However, a more open, RP-like variant  is recorded in conversational speech as well as among teenage girls and middle-class speakers. An occasional fronted  is reported amongst the elderly and working class.
 * Word-final is typically less central and more fronted  than the schwa.
 * An RP-like realisation for  has been attested, with diphthongal realisations  heard especially among the working class and elderly.
 * The – split is absent in which foot and strut are both typically pronounced the same. An open-back vowel realisation, is most common among elderly speakers, whilst younger speakers pronounce this more often before consonants and , leading to long/lung and doll/dull being homophonic. The more typical and close northern pronunciation of  also occurs especially in disyllabic words and by teenagers in more deliberate enunciations.
 * Rarely, the split is absent, with being pronounced like a schwa, especially in the word but.
 * is usually, with a diphthongal versional amongst elderly speakers. An occasional offglide to is also possible especially between morpheme boundaries.

Diphthongs

 * A very distinct diphthong for the vowel is characterised by a very open and front onset . There is a distinct, drawl from the triphthongisation of the vowel  in emphatic speech, and may even be disyllabic across morpheme boundaries (e.g. days pronounced as ). A more close onset  can also be heard amongst elderly speakers.
 * is a very wide diphthong; its onset is front and open and the offset is very close, leading to . Working class males may have an even closer onset . The vowel when diphthongised may merge with the  vowel, leading shouting and shooting to be homophonic. A triphthongised version exists:.
 * is usually, but can occasionally merge with . Note also the triphthongisation.
 * typically fluctuates between, with the latter, more back variant being more prevalent in older speakers. Middle-class speakers may even use an RP-like especially in more enunciated settings.
 * is, with an attested triphthong realisation.
 * is, becoming monophthongised with a linking r, such as near him.
 * The onset of the vowel is very close, back and rounded, occasionally central . It can also be shortened to  or even monophthongised.

Phonemic incidence

 * can't often uses, as in can't have it.
 * soft is frequently pronounced with short.
 * make and take may take a short vowel amongst elderly speakers.
 * France has an occasional long vowel.