User:Ameliag9787/new sandbox

Career
After completing early education in her home country of Senegal, Awa Thiam moved to France for higher education. While there, she earned not only a Ph. D. in Cultural Anthropology from the University of Paris VIII, but also a Ph. D. in Philosophy from Pantheon-Sorbonne Paris I. During her time in Europe, Thiam became a member of the Coordination des Femmes Noires, which is known to be one of the first groups of black feminists in France.

Having gained multiple degrees overseas, Thiam returned to Senegal, and became Assistant Professor of Research at the Fundamental Institute of Black Africa at Cheihk Anta Diop University of Dakar. In 1987, Thiam petitioned the institution to build a Department of Anthropology of the Sexes, but her idea was ultimately rejected by the administration.

In pursuit of improving the lives and status of African women, Thiam was a founding member of the Commission of the Abolition of Sexual Mutilation (CAMS), which was later dissolved and resurrected as CAMS-International. She speaks extensively on the topic of female genital mutilation (FGM), claiming that the practice is merely a thinly-veiled form of patriarchal control. In her article for the International Social Science Journal, Thiam states: "'the purpose of these practices, whether it is admitted  or not, is to control female sexuality. Some indeed do not hesitate to say that the aim is to reduce women’s hyper-sensuality. In any case the result remains the same: to make the young girl essentially a future  reproductive and productive element. Hence, her life is taken over and mapped out for her from birth to death by a patriarchal society, which ensures that she is kept in her place at all stages of her development.'"Outside of the academic realm, Awa Thiam is the Director of the National Center for Assistance and Training of Women under the Ministry of Women and Children. She is also a co-founder of the Alliance for a New Citizenship in Dakar. She works within these capacities to aid African women and girls.

Impact
Thiam is a strong advocate for abolition of female genital mutilation (FGM). Her book Black Sisters, Speak Out: Feminism and Oppression in Black Africa (also published in English as Speak Out, Black Sisters: Feminism and Oppression in Black Africa ), which was originally published in French as La Parole aux négresses in 1978, addresses this topic in depth. The book, one of the first of its kind, holds interviews of survivors and calls for change. It also passes judgement on patriarchy for inciting violence against women, by women, stating that "it would seem that males have forced women to become their own torturers, to butcher each other."

While much of her work is in regard to fighting female genital mutilation, Awa Thiam is also an activist against polygamy, forced motherhood, veiling, forced sterilization, and illiteracy. In her book, Black Sisters, Speak Out, she also stresses the importance of African women standing up for themselves and one another rather than white feminists trying to step in and "fix" African women, which she sees as just another type of colonialism."'People who understand nothing of ritual practices must beware of attacking them, especially when they base their judgment on criteria which bear no relationship to the mentalities of people in the society under consideration. The women of Black Africa have suffered enough from these colonial and neo-colonial attitudes.'"Awa Thiam is also honored with the French governmental Medal for the Defense of Women’s Rights.

Important Works

 * Black Sisters, Speak Out: Feminism and Oppression in Black Africa
 * Women’s Fight for the Abolition of Sexual Mutilation
 * Continents Noirs (Collection Femmes et Societes)
 * Essay "Feminism and Revolution,” in I Am Because We Are: Readings in Africana Philosophy