User:Amittty17/2,5-Diketopiperazine

Biosynthesis
2,5-DKPs are synthesized by a variety of organisms including humans. In general, they arise by the action of a tRNA-dependent cyclodipeptide synthases, a type of enzyme responsible for creating a cyclic amide linkage between two peptides. The enzymes cyclodipeptide oxidase and S-adenosyl-methionine-dependent O/N methyltransferases act in tandem to chemically modify cyclic dipeptides.

Biological Functions
2,5-DKPs have been shown to play a role in interspecies bacterial quorum sensing. For example, the 2,5-DKP cyclo(Phe-Pro) has been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression in multiple different species of bacteria including V. fishceri, V. cholera, Lactobacillus reuteri, Staphylococcus aureus, among others.

Therapeutics
Due to their role in bacterial communication, 2,5-DKPs have a potential to be used as a medicine to treat bacterial diseases. For example, the 2,5-DKP cis-cyclo(Leu-Tyr) has been shown to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation; this property can be utilized to treat infections caused by the bacterial biofilm formation. These chemicals can be used to imitate quorum sensing signals to regulate gene expression of pathogenic bacteria and help fight against bacterial infection.