User:Amorton9/Hormonal contraception

Cardiovascular disease[edit]
Combined oral contraceptives can increase the risk of certain types of cardiovascular disease in women with a pre-existing condition or already-heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Smoking (for women over 35), metabolic conditions like diabetes, obesity and family history of heart disease are all risk factors which may be exacerbated by the use of certain hormonal contraceptives. Oral contraceptives have also been linked to an inflated risk of myocardial infarction, arterial thrombosis, and ischemic stroke.

Depression[edit]
There is a growing body of research evidence investigating the links between hormonal contraception, and potential adverse effects on women’s psychological health. Findings from a large Danish study of one million women (followed up from 2000-2013) were published in 2016, and reported that the use of hormonal contraception was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of subsequent depression, particularly amongst adolescents. Within this study, women on the progestogen-only pill in particular, were 34% more likely to be subsequently be given a first diagnosis of depression or to take anti-depressants, in comparison to those not on hormonal contraception. Similarly, in December 2010, another large cohort study in Sweden with women aged 12–30 (n=815,662) found an association between hormonal contraception and subsequent use of psychotropic drugs, particularly amongst adolescents (aged 12–19). They had women take the contraceptive of their choice for a year before recording results. The collected data indicated that 3.7% of contraceptive users have ended up getting prescribed a psychotropic drug, while the number of non-users was 2.5%. These studies highlight the need for further research into the links between hormonal contraception, and adverse effects on women’s psychological health.

Mood

 * The longer the duration of use of oral contraception can show a greater association with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence.


 * Other studies suggest that mood swings are more than often associated with taking a contraceptive pill. Data shows that 45% of the women that take contraceptives experience mood swings.


 * Contraceptive mood side effects include; depressive symptoms, frequent irritability, and decreased concentration.
 * Oral contraceptives are not the only contraceptive that causes effects to mood level changes, implants do also. Studies show, Levonorgestrel (LNG) is releases into the body so rapidly that it is absorbed into the systemic circulation and is detectable in the bodys plasma within 15 min after insertion of device. This is why some women experience strong hormonal side effects as this drug circulates into their bloodstream at a fast rate.