User:An Siarach/Sources

Cambridge Encyclopedia of Iran : Vol 1 The Land of Iran pp434 (Cambridge 1968)

''"...This helps to explain the evolution of Tabriz, which, despite all vicissitudes, was the capital successively of the Mongols, the Qara Qoyunlu, the Aq Qoyunlu, and finally the Safavids, all of whom stemmed originally from the Turkmen tribes of the north-west from the 13th to 16th centuries" ''

A History of the Arab Peoples ; Albert Hourani (Faber and Faber)

"In the East however its power was challenged by the Safavids, another rising dynasty of uncertain origin, around whom Turkish tribesmen had gathered"

Morgan, David Medieval Persia 1040-1797

"The direction of Isma'il's early campaigns certainly suggset that it was the Turkmen heritage he was primarily interested in."

''"The Safawids still mobilized a force essentially of the traditional mongol-turkic type"

"In this way Isma'il ensured that there should be a strong thread of administrative continuity betwen his government and that of his Turkmen predecessors"

"...the originally "Turkmen" character of the regime"

"This is not to say that Isma'il's own beliefs were of an orthodox Shi'i kind. To judge from the poetry he wrote in Turkish..."

The Zands were an Iranian people, and their decades of dominance were one of the few periods, between the arrival of the Saljūqs and the twentieth century, during which effective political power was exerised by a dynasty that can be regarded as in some sense ethnically "Persian" "''

Lewis, Bernard The Middle East

''"The Safavid threat to the Ottomans was rendered at once more acute and more intimate by the Turkish origin of the Safavid family and their extensive support in Turkish Anatolia"

"The Shah wrote to the Sultan in Turkish - the language of his rural and tribal origins" ''