User:Ana1888/Enrico Tullio Liebman

Enrico Tullio Liebman (Lviv, 1903 - Milan, September 8, 1986) was an important Italian jurist born in Ukraine.

Biography
He was born in Lviv, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to a family from Trieste. His father, Roberto Liebman, a high official of the General Insurance company, an irredentist, enlisted in the Italian army at the beginning of World War I and died in 1918 by the explosion of a bomb launched from an Austrian plane at the train station in Venice (Stazione di Venezia Mestre), leaving behind his wife and three children. In the meantime, the family had moved to Rome, where Liebman completed his studies, graduating with a law degree from Giuseppe Chiovenda.

He was a contributor to the Journal of Social Critics (Italian socialist political journal) during his university years, once graduated, he began his university career under the guidance of Giuseppe Chiovenda himself and Piero Calamandrei.

Early in his career, he was a professor of civil procedural law at the Universities of Sassari and Parma.

He was the first professor in Sassari, where he had as a colleague another illustrious student of Giuseppe Chiovenda: Antonio Segni, who in 1930 was called by the Turritanian university to occupy the chair of commercial law; he then taught at the University of Modena and the University of Parma.

Shortly before the promulgation of the fascist racial laws in Italy in the summer of 1938, in 1938 he emigrated to South America, first to Montevideo (Uruguay), then to Argentina, later to Rio de Janeiro and finally to São Paulo (Brazil), where he held the chair of civil procedural law at the Faculty of Law of that University of São Paulo and where he met Tullio Ascarelli, an old colleague who had also emigrated to escape anti-Jewish racial persecution.

In 1939, aged 36, he moved to Brazil, where he taught at the University of São Paulo, where he held the chair of civil procedural law and published several works, which already had academic prominence as a teacher in Italy.

After the fall of fascism, he returned to Italy in 1946, where he held the chair of Civil Procedural Law at the Universities of Pavia, Turin and Milan. In 1947, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of São Paulo.

He is considered the founder of the "São Paulo School of Procedural Law" and, and due to the work of his main student, Alfredo Buzaid, future Minister of Justice and President of the Federal Supreme Court, The Buzaid code is the name that, in literature, is attributed to the Code of Brazilian Civil Process of 1973, which followed the Eclectic Theory of Action and suffered many other influences from Liebman's Italian doctrine (Enrico Tullio Liebman).

His works exerted considerable influence on Brazilian civil procedural law, being one of the greatest defenders of the eclectic theory of the right of action. The Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 1973 followed his theories due to the influence of Alfredo Buzaid, Minister of Justice and one of his students..

He was the author of numerous writings on legal matters and director of the "Rivista di diritto procedurale" (procedural law magazine), founded by Giuseppe Chiovenda, Piero Calamandrei and Francesco Carnelutti. He died in Milan on September 8, 1986.

Major Works

 * Oppositions on merits in the execution process (1931).
 * Efficacy and Authority of Judgment (1935).
 * Handbook of Civil Procedural Law (1957-59).
 * Problems of Civil Procedure (1962).