User:Anandks007/List of extinct indigenous peoples of Brazil

At the time of the discovery of Brazil by the Europeans, a total of 2,000 indigenous nations, divided into several thousands of tribes existed in Brazil. The total number of native tribes which inhabited the present day Brazil at the time of first contact is disputed, as well as difficult to ascertain. The names of large number of tribes who were exterminated as a result of intertribal warfare is not recorded anywhere and so is the case of several smaller tribes who were wiped out by the colonizers. Curt Nimuendajú gives a list of 1,400 nations in his monumental work Mapa etno-histórico do Brasil e regiões adjacentes, but he ignored many smaller (extinct) tribes in Eastern Brazil, and was unaware of some other tribes which were uncontacted at that time. Currently only 200 nations (790 tribes) are alive, with no survivors being reported for the remaining nations.

Most of the recorded extinctions of the Brazilian tribes were caused by warfare with the neo-Brazilians and from the epidemics which were sometimes deliberately spread by the colonizers. However, intertribal warfare between various native Brazilian tribes also caused a significant number of extinctions. For example, the Matses, one of the tribes in the Vale do Javari region exterminated at least 4 smaller tribes during the 20th century.

Number of extinct Brazilian Indian nations
The Conselho Indigenista Missionário has listed out the names of some 1,477 extinct nations in the publication Outros 500: Construindo uma Nova História. The number of extinct nations according to the state are:

Extinct Brazilian Indian nations of Ceará
According to Curt Nimuendajú, (Mapa etno-histórico do Brasil e regiões adjacentes) there were a total of 23 Indian nations in the state of Ceará. Detailed studies of historical records by CIMI has confirmed the presence of 42 nations, prior to the Portuguese conquest. A much more detailed study by José Cordeiro listed a total of 82 native Indian nations for the state of Ceará. These nations are:

Studart Filho lists a further 8 nations in addition to the above mentioned ones (Acoci, Aquiraz, Naporá, Anaperuaçu, Capeó, Xoró, Anaperumirim, Mandauê).

Some of these nations were consisting of a single tribe, but others were divided in to a large number of tribes. For example, the Kariri were divided in to a large number of tribes, such as Kipeá, Kamurú, Dzubukuá, Sabujá.etc.

Extinct Brazilian Indian nations of Minas Gerais
At the time of European colonization, more than 100 different nations (probably more than 200) resided in Minas Gerais. Oiliam José listed 71 of them in 1965. Another 17 were listed by Ribeiro and others, taking the count to 88. These nations are :

Extinct Brazilian Indian nations of Piauí
Piauí was originally home to more than a hundred different nations, although most of them became extinct during the 17th century, even before their names could be recorded. Jesuit priest Miguel de Carvalho in his work Descrição do Piauí (1697) gives the name of 37 different Tapuia nations, which once existed in the state of Piauí. These are (River basin name, and the tribes which inhabited them):


 * Rio Parnaíba: Aroaquizes and Carapotangas (in headwaters), Aroquanguiras (in the tributary of Savahui), Precatis and Anicuás (in the tributary of Uruçuí-Preto), Cupequacas, Cupicheres, Aiitetus, Nongazes, Abêtiras, Beirtès, and Goarás (in other tributaries), Aranhês (in the banks of Rio Parnaíba), Macamasus (in the tributaries of Moni and Igará, and Tremembés (in river mouth).


 * Rio Gurguéia (Rio Goroguca): Acuruás, Rodeleiros, Beiçudos (upstream), Bocoreimas, Corsias, Lanceiros (on tributaries).


 * Rio Mearim: Gutemes, and Goiás.


 * Rio Piauí (upstream): Araiês and Acumês.


 * Rio Canindé: Goaratizes, Jaicós, and Cupinharós.


 * Serra da Ibiapaba: Anassus and Longás.


 * Serra do Araripe: Ubatês, Meatãs, Jedois, Icós and Urius.


 * Rio São Vítor: Aruas.

Extinct Brazilian Indian nations of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro was home to more than 20 Indian nations. These nations can be divided in to 5 linguistic groups. They are:

Tupi nations
At least five Tupi nations were residing in RDJ at the time of European colonization. They were :


 * Tupinambá or Tamoyo: along the coast and lagoons from Cabo Frio to Angra dos Reis.
 * Temiminó or Maracajá: along the Baía de Guanabara.
 * Tupinikin or Margaya: along the northern coast.
 * Ararape or Arary: in vale do Paraíba do Sul.
 * Maromomi or Miramomim: in the Missão de São Barnabé.

Puri nations
Twelve out of the total of 23 Puri nations were present in the RDJ. They were:


 * Puri, Telikong or Paqui: Vales do Itabapoana e Médio Paraíba and along the mountains of Serras da Mantiqueira and das Frecheiras, between the rivers Pomba and Muriaé. Divided in to three sub-groups: Sabonan, Uambori and Xamixuna.
 * Coroado: along the Serra do Mar mountains and along the valleys of Rio Paraíba, Rio Pomba and Rio Preto. Several sub-groups, including Maritong, Cobanipaque, Tamprun and Sasaricon.
 * Coropó: along Rio Pomba and southern margins of Alto Paraíba.
 * Goitacá, Guaitacá, Waitaka or Aitacaz: Along the plains and salt marshes of Norte Fluminense. Esppecially in areas close to Cabo de São Tomé, along the territory between Lagoa Feia and mouth of Rio Paraíba. Divided in to four sub-groups: Goitacá-Mopi, Goitacá-Jacoritó, Goitacá-Guassu and Goitacá-Mirim.
 * Guaru or Guarulho: along the mountains and margins of Rios Piabanha, Rio Paraíba and tributaries.
 * Pitá: Rio Bonito.
 * Xumeto: Serra da Mantiqueira.
 * Bacunin: Rio Preto and in the vicinity of the present day city of Valença.
 * Bocayú: Rio Preto and Rio Pomba.
 * Caxiné: between Rio Preto and Rio Paraíba.
 * Sacaru: Vale do Médio Rio Paraíba.
 * Paraíba: along Médio Paraíba.

Botocudo nations
This group originally consisted of 38 nations, all of them either in Espírito Santo or Minas Gerais. In RDJ, they were present in Vale do Rio Itapaboana, and along Rio Macacu.

Maxakalí nations
This group originally consisted of 27 nations, all of them either in Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo or Bahia. In RDJ, they were present in the Rio Carangola region.

Goianá nation
This group consists of just one nation:


 * Goianá, Guaianá, or Guaianã: In the São Vicente captaincy. Different subgroups were present in Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis and Parati.

Famous extinct Brazilian nations
Out of the more than 1,800 extinct nations and thousands of tribes, names are available for only a few of them.


 * Abacaxis - Abacaxis River
 * Abaeté - Tupian (?). Minas Gerais. Extinct since the 18th century
 * Abaeté do Rio Madeira - Same as Abacátes (?). Rio Madeira, Amazonas
 * Abarés - Northeast Brazil
 * Acauas - Also known as Acauans - Lower Amazon
 * Achouaris - Rio Jurua and Rio Solimoes
 * Acroa - Bahia province - related to Xokleng people
 * Addaraias - Rio Negro
 * Adorias - Near Amazon River - extinct since the start of the 19th century
 * Aipatsé - Previously inhabited the Xingu river region - became extinct during the 1980s
 * Akontsu - Still alive but fated to be extinct in a few years. Only survivors are six people. Five are elders. Rondônia.
 * Anumania - Previously inhabited the Xingu river region
 * Aracadaini - Amazonas
 * Araés - Goias
 * Araraus - Rio Jatapu, Amazonas
 * Ariquéns - Rio Jamari, Rondonia
 * Amena-Diapá - Once inhabited the region around São Felipe river, in the Acre - Amazonas border
 * Bacuéns - Minas Gerais
 * Beaquéos - Mato Grosso do Sul
 * Boimés - Sergipe
 * Boraris - Para
 * Burukäyo - Related to the Arikapú
 * Cabixiana - Near Corumbiara, Rondônia. Became extinct during the 1940s.
 * Caeté - Once inhabited the region near the mouth of river São Francisco to the island of Itamaracá.
 * Camamu - Ceara
 * Campe - Related to Makurap. From Rio Mequens, Rondonia. Extinct since early 20th century.
 * Canela, Kenkateye - Part of the Canela nation. Originally from Serra das Alpercatas, Maranhao. According to Nimuendajú, this tribe became extinct after the ranchers massacred them in 1913.
 * Cauixana - Arawakan. From Rio Mauapari. Extinct since early 20th century.
 * Cataguéo - Related to Caduveo
 * Coropó - Espirito Santo
 * Cracmuns - Minas Gerais
 * Crateús - Piaui
 * Cucoecamecrãs - Maranhao
 * Cujigeneris - Amazonas
 * Cupinharós - Once lived in Piaui
 * Goitacá - Previously inhabited a large stretch of the eastern Brazilian coast, from the São Mateus River to the Paraíba do Sul River.
 * Guatiedéos - Mato Grosso do Sul.
 * Guatiedéo - Related to Caduveo
 * Gueguê - Piaui
 * Guayanases - Are known to have inhabitted the Plains of Piratininga which is now the city of São Paulo.
 * Irã-Amráire - One of the Kayapo nations. Numbered 3,000 in 1900, divided into five tribes (Kren-re, Nhangagakrin, Kuben Ken Kam, Me Mranh & Mejôt´yr). Became extinct in the 20th century.
 * Jeikó - Extinct since the 19th century.
 * Kinikinao - Matro Grosso do Sul. Extinct in mid-20th century.
 * Kutenabu (Kustenau) - Previously inhabited the Xingu river region. Became extinct in 20th century The last two survivors, a woman and her son, were assimilated into the Waura.
 * Maxubí - Related to the Arikapú.
 * Manitsawa - Previously inhabited the Xingu river region
 * Naravute - Previously inhabited the Xingu river region. Became extinct during the 1940s.
 * Purí - Previously resided in coastal Brazil.
 * Tapajós - Amazonas
 * Tupinambá - Once inhabited the Atlantic coast of Brazil.
 * Urucu - Related to Botocudo, Minas Gerais.
 * Western Bororo - Extinct since the end of 19th century.

Recent Extinctions
According to Darcy Ribeiro, a total of 87 tribes became extinct during the 1900-57 period. Another 38 became Assimilated (detribalized and merged in to the general population).

Recorded extinctions of Brazilian tribes during the 1900–1957 time period: 

*Ribeiro grouped several nations in to one in certain cases. For example, the Arara are actually 4 different tribes, which may or may not be linguistically and ethnically related. In such cases, the names of the known individual nations are given in Square Brackets. In some cases, the tribes which were classified as extinct, later re-emerged and exerted their identity. Examples are Krenak and Apiacá In cetrain other cases, tribes which went extinct in Brasil existed as a living nation else where, such as the Oyanpik