User:Andrearezendes/sandbox

Puberphonia (also known as mutational falsetto, functional falsetto, incomplete mutation, adolescent falsetto, or pubescent falsetto) is a functional voice disorder that is characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty, hence why many refer to the disorder as resulting in a ‘falsetto’ voice. The voice may also be heard as breathy, rough, and lacking in power. The onset of puberphonia usually occurs in adolescence, between the ages of 11 and 15 years, at the same time as changes related to puberty are occurring. This disorder usually occurs in the absence of other communication disorders.

There is a higher male prevalence of puberphonia, as the voice disorder is characterized by a high pitch that would be inappropriate for the age and gender of the patient. Typically, individuals with puberphonia do not present with underlying anatomical abnormalities. Instead, the disorder is usually psychogenic in nature, meaning resulting from psychological or emotional factors, and stems from inappropriate use of the voice mechanism. The habitual use of a high pitch while speaking is associated with tense muscles surrounding the vocal folds.Assessment and treatment of puberphonia is usually conducted by a speech-language pathologist (S-LP) or an otolaryngologist (ENT). Puberphonia is not a disorder that is likely to go away on its own. Without treatment, the changes in the patient's voice can become permanent. Treatment can involve direct voice therapy, indirect voice therapy, or audiovisual feedback. In some cases when traditional voice therapy is ineffective, surgical interventions are considered.

Psychogenic causes of puberphonia include:


 * Emotional stress
 * Delayed development of secondary sex characteristics
 * Resistance to pubertal changes
 * Self-consciousness resulting from an early breaking of the voice
 * Self-consciousness resulting from emerging adulthood
 * Excessive admiration of another male or sibling
 * Excessive maternal protection