User:AndriuZ/Timeline of management all

This is anotated timeline for issues chronologically related or influenced management as extractions from of scientific discoveries, technological discoveries, Quality management, HR management+Timeline of psychology, Advertising+Timeline of advertising, Creativity techniques and project management.

Ancient
so ancient Egyptian pyramid builders probably used to use some priciples of project management. The First Slave War (134 BC-132 BC) freeborn slave named Eunus, Styling himself King Antiochus, who adopted a name familiar from the region of his birth -- Syria, was reputed to be a magician, and led the slaves of the eastern section of Sicily. + Second Slave Revolt 104 BC-100 BC leaded by slave named Salvius led slaves in the east of Sicily; while Athenion led the western slaves. + The Revolt of Spartacus 73 BC-71 BC While Spartacus was a slave and gladiator, as were the other leaders, and while the revolt centered in Campania, in southern Italy, rather than Sicily, many of the slaves who joined the movement were like the slaves of the Sicilian revolts. Most of the southern Italian and Sicilian slaves worked in the latifundia as agricultural and pastoral slaves. Again, local government was inadequate to handle the revolt - it took three Roman armies to put an end to the Spartacan War.  + The war with Hannibal had produced 75000 slaves, and many were imported from Asia after the war with Antiochus. (later + The First Slave Auction at New Amsterdam in 1655)
 * ???? first scripts
 * Sumerian traders around 5200 BC - 4500 BC.
 * Dated from 2720 BC is the oldest pyramid of Hellinikon (Greece), >>
 * Slave-owners faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes recalcitrant workforce, first leadership technigues >>

5th - 17th centuries
Summa de arithmetica, geometrica, proportioni et proportionalita (Venice), a synthesis of the mathematical knowledge of his time.
 * Arabic numerals
 * 1390s - Francisco DiMarco - cost accounting
 * 1410s - the Soranzo brothers - journals and ledgers
 * 1494 - Luca Pacioli - codification of double-entry book-keeping in
 * 1509 Divina proportione this work by Pacioli discusses the mathematics of the golden ratio and its application in architecture. Leonardo da Vinci drew the illustrations of the regular solids published in the book while he lived with and took mathematics lessons from Pacioli. Da Vinci's drawings are probably the first illustrations of skeletonic solids which allowed an easy distinction between front and back. The work also discusses the use of perspective by painters such as Piero della Francesca, Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano.


 * 1770s - Adam Smith - microeconomic foundations of business, specialization of labour

1800s

 * 1881 - Joseph Wharton - first tertiary-level college course and textbook in business management
 * 1800s - Matthew Boulton - work methods
 * 1810s, 1820s - Eli Whitney - interchangeable parts, cost accounting
 * 1810s - James Watt - standard operating procedures, cost control
 * 1810s - Robert Owen - mutually beneficial personnel practices
 * 1830s - Charles Babbage - early scientific approach
 * 1840s - analyses of Karl Marx and of Friedrich Engels
 * 1850s - Henry Poor - the principles of organization
 * 1850s - Daniel McCallum - organizational charts
 * 1880s - Henry Metcalfe - the science of administration
 * 1890s - 1930s - Karol Adamiecki - management
 * 1890s - Frederick Hallsey - wage and compensation plans
 * 1890s Henry Towne's Science of management,


 * List of publications in economics
 * List of publications in management

19th century

 * Modern management as a discipline began as an off-shoot of economics


 * theoretical background to resource allocation, production, and pricing - provided by Classical economists such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill
 * Adam Smith defines economics simply as "The science of wealth." Smith offered another definition, "The Science relating to the laws of production, distribution and exchange." Wealth was defined as the specialization of labor which allowed a nation to produce more with its supply of labor and resources. This definition divided Smith and Hume from previous definitions which defined wealth as gold. Hume argued that gold without increased activity simply serves to raise prices.


 * Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)was one of the earliest attempts to study the historical development of industry and commerce in Europe. That work helped to create the modern academic discipline of economics and provided one of the best-known intellectual rationales for free trade, capitalism and libertarianism.

1848 Principles of Political Economy Mill's main economic philosophy was one of laissez-faire (synonym for strict free market economics), but he accepted interventions in the economy, such as a tax on alcohol, if there were sufficient utilitarian grounds. He also accepted the principle of legislative intervention for the purpose of animal welfare. [2] John Stuart Mill defined economics as "The practical science of production and distribution of wealth"; this definition was adopted by the Concise Oxford Dictionary. For Mill, wealth is defined as the stock of useful things. Mill's magnum opus was his 1843 A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, which went through several revisions and editions. William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (1837) was a chief influence. The reputation of this work is largely due to his analysis of inductive proof, in contrast to Aristotle's syllogisms, which are deductive. Mill describes the five basic principles of induction which have come to be known as Mill's Methods - the method of agreement, the method of difference, the joint or double method of agreement and difference, the method of residues, and that of concomitant variations. The common feature of these methods, the one real method of scientific inquiry, is that of elimination. All the other methods are thus subordinate to the method of difference. It was also Mill's attempt to postulate a theory of knowledge, in the same vein as John Locke.
 * 1823 John Stuart Mill co-founded the Westminster Review with Jeremy Bentham as a journal for philosophical radicals. During 1865 to 1868 as an as an independent member of Parliament, representing the City and Westminster constituency Mill advocated easing the burdens on Ireland, and became the first person in parliament to call for women to be given the right to vote. In Considerations on Representative Government Mill called for various reforms of Parliament and voting, especially proportional representation, the Single Transferable Vote, and the extension of suffrage. He was godfather to Bertrand Russell.


 * 1900s-1930s ??


 * technical production elements such as standardization, quality control procedures, cost accounting, interchangeability of parts, and work planning. developed by innovators like Eli Whitney, James Watt, and Matthew Boulton

2000 middle of the 19th century - human element with theories of worker training, motivation, organizational structure and span of control introduced by Robert Owen, Henry Poor, and M. Laughlin and others..
 * 1940s-1960s


 * late 19th century - a new layer of complexity to the theoretical underpinings of management introduced by marginal economists Alfred Marshall and Leon Walras and others ..


 * The Great Depression was a massive economic decline that started in 1929 and ended in the late 1930s

1900s
was first introduced to the business world by Frederick Taylor in the article The Principles of Scientific Management in the 1900s.
 * 1900s - Frank Gilbreth - time and motion study Cheaper by the Dozen
 * 1900s - Henry Gantt - gantt charts
 * 1900s - Frederick Winslow Taylor - Scientific Management


 * 1904 - Joseph M. Juran - Internal customer, quality trilogy
 * 1909 - Shigeo Shingo - Zero Quality Control (Poka-Yoke) and Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED)

1910s

 * 1910s - Henry L. Gantt's charts
 * 1910s - A. Erlang - waiting-line theory
 * 1910s - Henri Fayol - the inter-relationships of the various parts of management
 * 1910s - W. Leffingwell W. H. Leffingwell William H. Leffingwell - office management National Office Management Association and its founder William Henry Leffingwell
 * 1910s - Ordwat Tead - the psychology of industry
 * 1910s - F. Harris - economic lot size model
 * 1910s - Hugo Musterberg - the psychology of work
 * 1910s - Alexander Church - functional management
 * 1911 - J. Duncan wrote the first college text book in management


 * 1911 - Frederick Winslow Taylor's Scientific management
 * 1915 – 1989 - Kaoru Ishikawa Total Quality, Ishikawa fishbone diagram
 * 1916 - 2001 - Herbert A. Simon - "Satisficing" Nobel Prize 1978
 * 1917 - Frank  and  Lillian Gilbreth's Applied motion study

1920s

 * 1920s - 1930s - Walter A. Shewhart - Bell Labs - control charts
 * 1920s, 1930s - Chester Barnard - executive leadership
 * 1920s - Walter Scott - the psychology of personnel management
 * 1917 to 1958 1920s - Harold F. Dodge H. Dodge - statistical quality control procedures
 * 1920s - T. Fry - statistical queuing theory
 * 1920s - Ronald Fisher - statistical management
 * 1920s - Oliver Sheldon - the philosophy of business
 * 1920s - Elton Mayo - the sociology of business interactions
 * 1924 - Genichi Taguchi How product specification can become cost effective production

1930s

 * 1930s, 1940s - P. Blackett - operations research
 * 1930s - Mary Follett - group problem solving

1950s

 * 1950s - 2004 - Russell L. Ackoff - operations research and systems theory
 * 1950s - Ronald Coase - transaction cost analysis, industrial and organizational economics - [Nobel Prize in 1991]
 * 1950s, 1960s - W. Edwards Deming - management, quality
 * 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s - Peter Drucker - management theory, MBO
 * 1950s, 1960s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s - Armand V. Feigenbaum - Total Quality Control, "Quality is what the customer says it is," the "hidden" factory

Category: Management consulting firms

 * 1970 - Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Growth-share matrix+B.C.G._analysis
 * 1926 - McKinsey was founded in Chicago during 1926 by James O. ("Mac") McKinsey. a professor at the University of Chicago who pioneered budgeting as a management tool. ?? McKinsley (McK).
 * 1886 - Arthur D. Little the world's first management consulting firm established by Arthur Dehon Little, an MIT chemist who discovered acetate, and co-worker Roger Griffin. pioneered the concept of contracted research. company played key roles in the development of operations research, the word processor, the first synthetic penicillin, and NASDAQ. (ADL)

1960s

 * 1960s, 1970s, 1980s - Philip Crosby - quality control - "Quality is Free"
 * 1960s, 1970s - David Ogilvy - advertising
 * 1960s, 1970s - Theodore Levitt - marketing
 * 1960s, 1970s - Henry Markowitz - portfolio diversification

Rosemary Stewart (business theorist) Oxford Templeton College Ross Doutha

1970s

 * 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000 - Kenneth D. Mackenzie - Organizational Hologram, Organization Theories
 * 1970s, 1980s, 1990s - Chris Argyris - learning systems
 * 1970s, 1980s, 1990s - Philip Kotler - marketing management, marketing warfare
 * 1970s, 1980s, 1990s - Michael Porter - SWOT analysis, strategic management, value chain, generic strategies, 5 forces
 * 1970s, 1980s - Yoram Wind - strategic behavioural models
 * 1970s, 1980s - Kenichi Ohmae - strategic thought processes
 * 1970s, 1980s - Tom Peters - Excellence theories
 * 1970s, 1980s - Richard Waterman - Excellence theories
 * 1970s, 1980s - B. Gale - PIMS study on market share
 * 1970s, 1980s - E. Learned - SWOT analysis
 * 1970s, 1980s - R. Buzzell - PIMS study on market share
 * 1970s, 1980s - Mahajan - strategic models
 * 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s - Henry Mintzberg - organizational behaviour, strategic management
 * 1970s - Merton Miller - corporate finance
 * 1970s - Franco Modigliani - corporate finance
 * 1970s - George Day - marketing
 * 1970s - Oliver Williamson - transaction cost analysis
 * 1970s - John Lintner - finance
 * 1970s - Harold Deming - quality control
 * 1970s - Peter Lawrence - the Peter Principle

1980s
In the 1980s business strategists realized that there was a vast knowledge base stretching back thousands of years that they had barely examined. They turned to military strategy for guidance. Military strategy books like “The Art of War” by Sun Tzu, “On War” by von Clausewitz, and “The Red Book” by Mao Tse Tung became instant business classics.
 * 1980s - D. Aaker - marketing strategy
 * 1980s - C. K. Prahalad - core competency
 * 1980s - P. Ghemawat - experience curve
 * 1980s - Derek Abell - strategic windows
 * 1980s - Robert Camp - benchmarking
 * 1980s - Jack Trout, Al Ries, Steve Rivkin - positioning theory, Marketing warfare strategies
 * 1980s - Constantinos Markides - strategy dynamics
 * 1980s - Eliyahu M. Goldratt - theory of constraints, critical chain project management
 * 1980s, 1990s - Leo Melamed - futures exchanges
 * 1980s, 1990s - Jay Barney - resource based strategies
 * 1980s, 1990s - John Kotter - leadership
 * 1980s - Jeffrey Pfeffer - organizational development
 * 1989 Stephen Covey's book 'The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People'

1990s
Japanese quality methodologies introduced here by the late Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, Dr. Masao Kogure, Dr. Yoji Akao, Dr. Noriaki Kano, Mr. Masaaki Imai, and many others.


 * 1990s - Michael Hammer - reengineering
 * 1990s - Adrian Slywotzky - value migration
 * 1990s - James Moncrieff - strategy dynamics
 * 1990s - James Collins - vision, mission, objectives and BHAG
 * 1990s - Gary Hamel - core competencies, strategy as revolution
 * 1990s - Robert S. Kaplan - balanced scorecard
 * 1990s - Keith Denton - continuous improvement
 * 1990s - Patricia Seybold - e-marketing, e-commerce
 * 1990s - Don Schultz - integrated promotional strategy
 * 1990s - James Gilbert - profit pools
 * 1990s - Regis McKenna - real-time management
 * 1990s - J. Sheth - business strategy
 * 1990s - Frederick Reichheld - the loyalty effect
 * 1990s - Kenneth Andrews - corporate values
 * 1990s - Fred Davis - Technology Acceptance Model TAM

2000s
computer scientist best known as founder and ex-director of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab.
 * 1970 - Nicholas Negroponte - human-computer interface
 * (1970) Negroponte, N. The Architecture Machine: Towards a More Human Environment. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 0262640104
 * (1995) Negroponte, N.. Being Digital. Knopf. (Paperback edition, 1996, Vintage Books, ISBN 0679762906)


 * 1996 - Adrian Slywotzky 	 value migration Adrian Slywotzky. Value Migration: How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition Hardcover, Harvard Business School Pr, ISBN: 0875846327
 * Richard Wise


 * 1999 Constantinos C. Markides+ Constantinos Markides - A Dynamic View of Strategy, (Sloan Management Review)
 * 1999James Moncrieff 	 strategy dynamics Is Strategy Making a Difference, J. Moncrieff (Long Range Planning)


 * James Collins 	 vision, mission, objectives and BHAG


 * In Search of Excellence: Lessons from Americas Best Run Companies (Paperback) by Jr., Robert H. Waterman, Thomas J. Peters, Tom Peters, Robert Waterman


 * Gary Hamel 	 core competencies, strategy as revolution
 * Robert S. Kaplan 	 balanced scorecard
 * Keith Denton 	 continuous improvement
 * Patricia Seybold 	 e marketing, e commerce
 * Don Schultz 	 integrated promotional strategy
 * James Gilbert 	 profit pools
 * Regis McKenna 	 real time management
 * J. Sheth 	 business strategy
 * Frederick Reichheld 	 the loyalty effect
 * Kenneth Andrews 	 corporate values
 * Fred Davis 	 Technology Acceptance Model TAM

book sources

 * 800 CEO Read.com - http://800ceoread.com/products/?ISBN=
 * http://leadertoleader.org/leaderbooks/
 * http://www.mhhe.com/business/management/thompson12e/information/olc/strategy.mhtml Crafting and Executing Strategy: Text and Readings
 * http://tppserver.mit.edu/index.php?idnum=91 Technology and policy program Technology and Policy Program
 * http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/s.html Deardorff's Glossary of International Economics
 * CEO Exchange - CEO Library www.pbs.org/wttw/ceoexchange/series/CEOlibrary.html

Still messy
behavioural perspective on Theory of the firm along with Richard Cyert (1963 In 1972 J.G.March worked together with Olsen and Cohen on the systemic-anarchic perspective of organizational decision making known as the Garbage can model.
 * - James G. March - Cognitive organization theory in collaborated with the cognitive psychologist Herbert Simon


 * 1959 - Frederick Hertzberg - Two factor theory of human motivation. According to Bellott and Tutor (1990), the problems with Herzberg's work are that it occurred too long ago to be pertinent and did not cover teachers.
 * (1955) An introduction to the theory and measurement of influence ISBN ??
 * (1980) Autonomy As a Factor in Group Organization ISBN 0405129807
 * (1980) Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations ISBN 8200019608
 * (1988) Decisions and Organizations ISBN 0631168567
 * (1989) Rediscovering Institutions ISBN 0029201152
 * (1994) A Primer on Decision Making ISBN 0029200350
 * (1995) Democratic Governance ISBN 0028740548
 * (1998) The Pursuit of Organizational Intelligence ISBN 0631211020
 * (2005) On Leadership ISBN 1405132477


 * - David Garvin - eight dimensions of quality
 * ? 1996 - August-Wilhelm Scheer - developed ARIS concept, which is the representation of business processes in diagrammatic form. Center of the House of ARIS is modeling language known as EPC Event-driven Process Chains or Event Process Chains,

10 books:
 * - Sumantra Ghoshal (Euroguru) - 525 rule means that 25Į of a company's sales revenue should accrue from products launched during the last 5 years. He was recognised for his research and teaching on strategic, organisational and managerial issues confronting global companies.
 * Individualised Corporation

co-authored with Christopher Bartlett Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution>1of50 most influential management books and has been translated into nine languages.>
 * ''The Differential Network: Organizing the Multinational Corporation for Value Creation, a book he co-authored with Nitin Nohria, won the George Terry Book Award in 1997.
 * ''The Individualized Corporation, co-authored with Christopher Bartlett, won the Igor Ansoff Award in 1997,
 * ''Managing Radical Change

is CEO of New Paradigm Learning Corporation (founded in 1993). 10 books on the application of technology in business.
 * - Don Tapscott Business strategy, organizational transformation
 * 2003 with David Ticoll The Naked Corporation: How the Age of Transparency Will Revolutionize Business describes how corporate transparency, accountability, and stakeholder relationships are the new frontier for competitive innovation.
 * - with David Ticoll and Alex Lowy

Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs describes how business webs are replacing the traditional model of the firm and changing the dynamics of wealth creation and competition.
 * - Creating Value in the Network Economy
 * - with David Ticoll and Alex Lowy Blueprint to the Digital Economy: Creating Wealth in the Era of E-Business
 * - Growing Up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation
 * - The Digital Economy:Promise and Peril In The Age of Networked Intelligence
 * - Who Knows: Safeguarding Your Privacy in a Networked World with Ann Cavoukian
 * - Paradigm Shift with Art Caston

2006 co-authored by Anthony Williams Wikinomics: Competing in the Age of Collaboration


 * 1998 - IDEF as ICAM(is short for Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing) DEFinition language (ICAM was an initiative managed by the US Air Force out of Wright Patterson AFB, Materials Laboratory and was part of their Technology Modernization efforts, specifically the Computers in Manufacturing (CIM) initiative.

1986- Six Sigma by Bill Smith at Motorola. Originally, it was defined[2] as a metric for measuring defects and improving quality; and a methodology to reduce defect levels below 3.4 Defects Per (one) Million Opportunities (DPMO). Six Sigma is a registered service mark and trademark of Motorola, Inc[3]. business process outsourcing (BPO), Some argue that Robert Galvin and Bill Smith did not really "invent" Six Sigma in the 1980s, but rather applied methodologies that had been available since the 1920s and were developed by luminaries like Shewhart, Deming, Juran, Ishikawa, Ohno, Shingo, Taguchi and Shainin.
 * Of its origin

In truth, there is very little that is new within Six Sigma. However, it does use the old tools in concert, for far greater effect. The telephone, the internal combustion engine, and the computer were all made from existing technology, used in a new way. The same is true of Six Sigma.

The use of "Black Belts" as itinerant change agents is controversial as it has created a cottage industry of training and certification which arguably relieves management of accountability for change; pre-Six Sigma implementations, exemplified by the Toyota Production System and [[Japan]'s industrial ascension, simply used the technical talent at hand &mdash; Design, Manufacturing and Quality Engineers, Toolmakers, Maintenance and Production workers &mdash; to optimize the processes.

Basic methodology consists of the following five phases: Define formally define the process improvement goals that are consistent with customer demands and enterprise strategy. Measure to define baseline measurements on current process for future comparison. Map and measure process in question and collect required process data. Analyze to verify relationship and causality of factors. What is the relationship? Are there other factors that have not been considered? Improve optimize the process based upon the analysis using techniques like Design of Experiments. Control setup pilot runs to establish process capability, transition to production and thereafter continuously measure the process and institute control mechanisms to ensure that variances are corrected before they result in defects. [edit]
 * DMAIC

Basic methodology consists of the following five phases: Define formally define the goals of the design activity that are consistent with customer demands and enterprise strategy. Measure identify CTQs, product capabilities, production process capability, risk assessment, etc. Analyze develop design alternatives, create high-level design and evaluate design capability to select the best design. Design develop detail design, optimize design, and plan for design verification. This phase may require simulations. Verify verify design, setup pilot runs, implement production process and handover to process owners. This phase may also require simulations.
 * DMADV

Some Key Tools Used

 * Failure Modes Effects Analysis
 * Cost Benefit Analysis
 * Customer Output Process Input Supplier Maps
 * Process Maps
 * Run Charts
 * Histograms
 * Stratification
 * ANOVA Gage R&R
 * Cause & Effects Diagram (a.k.a. Fishbone or Ishikawa Diagram)
 * Homogeneity of Variance
 * ANOVA
 * Chi-Square Test of Independence and Fits
 * General Linear Model
 * Regression
 * Correlation
 * Design of Experiments
 * Taguchi
 * Control Charts

Business processes
Following on from the earlier ideas of Time and Motion Studies pioneered by Frank & Lillian Gilbreth, was first introduced to the business world by Frederick Taylor when he published his article The Principles of Scientific Management in the Shop Management, 1911, online-gutenberg
 * - - BPR - Business process reengineering

Michael Hammer with James A. Champy J. A. Champy James Champy Champy
 * 1993 Re-engineering the corporation: A manifesto for business revolution, the book written by


 * 1988 - IDEF
 * - - BPM - business process management as next
 * - - BPML - business process modelling language
 * - - Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS)
 * - - Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR)
 * - - Business Process Definition Metamodel (BPDM)
 * - - [[BPM Best Practices
 * - - Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)
 * - - Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN
 * - - Workflow & BPM Research http://www.workflow-research.de/
 * 1996 - August-Wilhelm Scheer	developed ARIS concept, which is the representation of business processes in diagrammatic form. Center of the House of ARIS is modeling language known as EPC Event-driven Process Chains or Event Process Chains,


 * 1987 - David A. Garvin, David Garvin - eight dimensions of quality http://dor.hbs.edu/fi_redirect.jhtml?facInfo=pub&facEmId=dgarvin
 * 1959 - Frederick Hertzberg	Two factor theory of human motivation. According to Bellott and Tutor (1990), the problems with Herzberg's work are that it occurred too long ago to be pertinent and did not cover teachers. [Motivation > What is Motivation ? > http://www.examstutor.com/business/resources/studyroom/people_and_organisations/motivation_theory/4-herzbergstwofactortheory.php
 * 1972 - J. G. March worked together with Michael D. Cohen, Johan P. Olsen on the systemic-anarchic perspective of organizational decision making known as the Garbage can model.
 * 1956 - Herbert Simon was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, creating with Allen Newell the Logic Theory Machine
 * 1957 - Herbert Simon with Allen Newell?? and the General Problem Solver (GPS) programs. GPS was possibly the first method of separating problem solving strategy from information about particular problems.

undated
[PDF] Modelling Efficient Reading Strategies Tom Maguire (1997-98) File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML studying efficient readers at work they devoted their investigation to how readers ... The observations made during the field work done with the students ... www.xtec.es/sgfp/llicencies/ 199798/memories/TMcguire.pdf - Similar pages
 * - - Nicholas Negroponte - human-computer interface

[RTF] Modelling Efficient Reading Strategies File Format: Rich Text Format - View as HTML The slightest improvement either in the page or in the method of reading means a ... The observations made during the field work done with the students ... www.xtec.es/~jmaguire/articles/Modelling.rtf