User:Andrn10/sandbox

Addition to the Drosophila melanogaster article: Aggression sub-section
Like most insects, aggression between male flies commonly occurs in the presence of females. However, recent studies have also shown that the presence of food also stimulates such a behavior .[87] It was found to be derived from the amount of food available and is independent of any social interactions between the males.[87] Specifically, sucrose was found to stimulate gustatory receptor neurons, which was necessary to stimulate aggression.[87] However, once the amount of food becomes greater than a certain amount, the competition between males lowers.[87] This is possibly due to an over-abundance of food resources. On a larger scale, food was found to determine the boundaries of a territory since flies were observed to be more aggressive at the food's physical perimeter.

In order for aggression to occur, male flies produce sounds to communicate their intent. A recent study found that songs promoting aggression contains pulses occurring at larger intervals.[88] RNA sequencing from fly mutants displaying over-aggressive behaviors found more than 50 auditory-related genes (important for transient receptor potentials, Ca2+ signaling, mechanoreceptor potentials, etc.) to be upregulated in the AB neurons located in Johnston’s organ.[88] In addition, aggression levels were reduced when these genes were knocked out via RNA interference.[88] This signifies the major role of hearing in communicating aggression.

However, like most behaviors requiring arousal and wakefulness, aggression was found to be impaired via sleep deprivation. Specifically, this occurs through the impairment of octopamine and dopamine signaling, which are important pathways for regulating arousal in insects.[89][90] Due to reduced aggression, sleep-deprived male flies were found to be disadvantaged at mating compared to normal flies.[90]However, when octopamine agonists were administered upon these sleep-deprived flies, aggression levels were seen to be increased and sexual fitness was subsequently restored.[90] Therefore, this finding implicates the importance of sleep in aggression between male flies.

Evaluation of: "Drosophila embryogenesis" (Seen in talk page for that article)
Untitled

I also agree on adding those stages since it helps with the chronological order in which the embryogenesis happens. (talk) 22:02, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Anterior-posterior axis patterning in Drosophila

The organization of this sectioning seems great in terms of transitioning from the top to bottom of the gene hierarchy. However, the majority of this section needs citations (along with other sections as well). (talk) 22:02, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Dorsal-ventral pattern formation

The paragraph organization on this section makes it confusing to read. I recommend separating it into subsections. For example, the first one would start with Dorsal. Describe its function and reference to studies where they show what happens if Dorsal is mutated. Then another sub-section should describe how it's localized to the nucleus. After that, another sub-section should explain the signaling cascade. And, another sub-section should explain how the protein gradient for dorsal forms. And, so on. It doesn't have to be exactly that, but something similar to would be great since it splits a complicated topic into different parts. Make sure to cite sources along the way so that you can refer it to when editing. Highly recommend adding figures since the visual helps people to understand the content better. (talk) 22:02, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Research history

I find the sentences about research discoveries and nobel prizes in the middle of a section explaining the molecular and genetic aspects of embryogenesis to be distracting (ex: "Addition segmentation gene" section). I recommend sentences of those types that highlight important discoveries should either be done in the beginning of each section OR compile them all in a separate section. (talk) 22:02, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

References

I recommend finding primary research articles on the topics and cite them instead of using mostly secondary sources like a textbook since those can possibly be out of date depending on the edition used. (talk) 22:02, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Evaluation of: "Transient receptor potential channel" (Seen in talk page for that article)
Subfamilies

I really like the "subfamilies" section. It serves as a nice list compiling information about the different types of trp channels. Maybe also add a figure that addresses the phylogeny and branching of these channels into different "sub-classes." (talk) 22:42, 08 May 2019 (UTC)

Structure

I recommend adding a figure that shows how the channel looks like for group 1 and group 2. (talk) 22:42, 08 May 2019 (UTC)

Function: Taste

Make sure to cite what was written on the second paragraph in this sub-section. Are you sure that TRPA1 channels respond to those substances? If so, explain what kinds of organisms do those channels function the way you described? And, what cells specifically? For example in Drosophila, trpA1 in gustatory receptor neurons were found to only be sensitive to one bitter compound (Kim et al. 2010). Overall, try not to only list compounds that TRPA1 respond to. Describe where and how as well. (talk) 22:42, 08 May 2019 (UTC)

TRP-like channels in insect vision

This section seems too specific. It could possibly go under an insect vision article or something related. For vision, I recommend inserting it into the "function" section. Since there's pain, temperature sensation, taste, etc. it seems more organized to put "vision" in that section as well. (talk) 22:42, 08 May 2019 (UTC)

Clinical significance

The introduction section lists out the various disorders that trp channels are involved in. Maybe add a separate sub-section for each disorder/disease that it's involved in. For example, I suggest adding a section on how trp channels are involved in kidney disorders since it was mentioned in the introduction paragraph for "clinical significance." (talk) 22:42, 08 May 2019 (UTC)

Evaluation of Ultrabithorax article
The article seems to be too focused on Drosophila melanogaster when writing about the function of Ultrabithorax. For an independent article on a gene, I feel like you should describe about its function in insects in general. It is completely fine to use Drosophila as a medium for the explanation; however, I recommend adding information about how Ubx affects the development of other organisms, such as butterflies. Some questions to consider: Does it affect other insects similarly to flies? How evolutionarily conserved is Ubx across insects? Since it is a hox gene, is it also present in mammals? If so, how does it regulate development in mammals? Overall, when considering the role of Ubx in broader aspects, it helps avoid bias.

Evaluation of Sensillum article
This article needs more development on the functions of sensillum. I like the brief introduction describing its structure and the neurons that are part of the sensillum. I recommend adding a figure of a sensillum for readers to get a good idea of where it is and how it looks like.

Maybe you can also add more information about its significance and how it plays a role in giving arthropods an advantage compared to other organisms. Also, you can add a section on how it evolved over time to become specially shaped according to the type of information they are gathering.

Evaluation of Homeotic Gene article
For the current amount of information here, the citations seem to be great. Since this article is basically the same as the Hox gene article, I recommend linking it to that.

I also recommend adding a section that explains how Hox genes are turned on. I know that you mentioned about how hox genes are present in many species, but I suggest adding a section explaining the differences in the kinds of hox genes expressed between organisms of different phyla. This is to show more evolutionarily conserved hox genes are.

Also, you can give an overview of the common types of Hox genes shared between different species.

For both Homeotic Gene and Hox Gene articles, I recommend expanding the future research section about how Hox genes play a role in various diseases beyond their function in development. It serves as a nice conclusion to the article.

May Smith
Therefore, she concludes that the ideal amount of time necessary to complete work most efficiently and effectively differs between every individual and type of work.

Demonstrating a positive correlation...the study provided evidence that psychoneurosis is one of the factors responsible for industrial illness.

Kathleen Mullan Harris is a distinguished professor of Sociology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science at Pennsylvania State University in 1972. Then, she went on to receive a Masters of Arts and a doctorate in 1979 and 1988 respectively. Through her career as a sociologist, she specialized in research on social inequality based on family, poverty, and health. One important highlight upon her research include the 1996 Welfare Reform Act to support the low-income workforce population.

Career
After receiving a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Harris went on to receive a masters and a doctorate degree in Demography from the University of Pennsylvania in 1979 and 1988 respectively. Upon her career in demography, Harris became the Director and Principal Investigator of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) where she lead a team to follow the life of 20,000 teens till adulthood to determine correlations between social inequality and health. Due to her work offering a greater insight on the effects of nature and nurture on the social development of teenagers using the life course perspective, Harris’s was elected to become a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014.

Awards and Honors
Harris was awarded the Clifford C. Clogg Award for Early Career Achievement in Population Studies and Demography from the Population Association of America and Research Institute of Pennsylvania State University in 2004. Harris later became the elected President of the Population Association of America in 2008. Afterwards, Harris received the Warren E. Miller Award for Meritorious Service to the Social Sciences, which she was recognized for her work’s impact to the field of social science in 2013. Shortly after, Harris was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014. Upon her leadership in Add Health, Harris received the Golden Goose Award from the US Congress in 2016.