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Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb pattern. It is most easily visualized as an atomic-scale chicken wire made of carbon atoms and their bonds. The name comes from graphite + -ene; graphite itself is made of many graphene sheets stacked together.

The bond length between carbon atoms in graphene is about 0.142 nm. It makes up several different allotropes of carbon including graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. It can also be considered as an infinitely large, exeptionally stable molecule, the largest version of the family of flat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons called graphenes. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Russian-born Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".[1]