User:Anjdarji/Sport psychology

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There are different approaches that a sport psychologist can use while working with his clients. For example, the social-psychological approach focuses on the social environment and the individual's personality, and on how complex interactions between the two influence behavior. The psycho-physiological approach focuses on the processes of the brain and their influence on physical activity, and the cognitive-behavioral approach analyzes the ways in which individual thoughts determine behavior. There are two different types of sport psychologists that focus on athletes with severe emotional disorders: educational and clinical.

Athletes who experience burnout may have different contributing factors, but the more familiar reasons include perfectionism, boredom, injuries, excessive pressure, and overtraining.

Applied
Applied sport and exercise psychology consists of instructing athletes, coaches, teams, exercisers, parents, fitness professionals, groups, and other performers on the psychological aspects of their sport or activity. The goal of applied practice is to optimize performance and enjoyment through the use of psychological skills and the use of psychometrics and psychological assessment. The practice of applied sport psychology is not legally restricted to individuals who possess one type of certification or licensure. The subject of "what exactly constitutes applied sport psychology and who can practice it?" has been debated amongst sport psychology professionals and to this day still lacks formal legal resolution in the United States. Some question the ability of professionals who possess only sport science or kinesiology training to practice "psychology" with clients, while others counter that clinical and counseling psychologists without training in sport science do not have the professional competency to work with athletes. However, this debate should not overshadow the reality that many professionals express the desire to work together to promote best practices among all practitioners, regardless of training or academic background.

There are three different approaches that exercise and sports psychologist use for better results in their athletes training and those are psychophysiological, social-psychological, and cognitive-behavioral. The psychophysiological approach argues that focusing the athlete's vitals should be the prime focus to improve their skill levels. Psychologists using a social-psychological believe that the athlete's external environment of the athlete has the greatest effect on players and building off their social behaviors will lead to the greatest results. Lastly, the cognitive-behavioral approach states that the self image, confidence, determination and other beliefs have the greatest influence on the athletes abilities. These are the three coaching orientations that are used by sports and exercise psychologists to intervene with athletes and how they optimize their performance. Generally, there are two different types of sport psychologists that focus on athletes with severe emotional disorders: educational and clinical.

Motivation in sport
Motivation in field of psychology is loosely defined as the intensity and direction in which effort is applied. The direction of motivation refers to how one seeks out situations or if they avoid things that might be challenging. Intensity refers to how much effort one puts into any challenge or situation. Motivation is tied closely to personality and can be categorized as a personality trait. There are three general theories of motivation: participant/trait theory, situational theory, and interactional theory. These theories are similar to those of personality.

- no mention of attainment of sports greatness

(Ikulayo, P. B. (2003). The mind in the body: sports psychology as the cornerstone to sports achievements and greatness.)

Renewed growth and emergence as a discipline
Given the relatively free travel of information amongst European practitioners, sport psychology flourished first in Europe, where in 1965, the First World Congress of Sport Psychology met in Rome, Italy. This meeting, attended by some 450 professionals primarily from Europe, Australia, and the Americas, gave rise to the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP). The ISSP become a prominent sport psychology organization after the Third World Congress of Sport Psychology in 1973. Additionally, the European Federation of Sport Psychology was founded in 1968.

In North America, support for sport psychology grew out of physical education. The North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA) grew from being an interest group to a full-fledged organization, whose mission included promoting the research and teaching of motor behavior and the psychology of sport and exercise. In Canada, the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology (SCAPPS) was founded in 1977 to promote the study and exchange of ideas in the fields of motor behavior and sport psychology.

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