User:Annort/sandbox

Intro Area (existing section, just adding)
Economic contact between Native Americans and European colonists began in the early stages of European settlement. From the 17th to the 19th century, the English and French mainly traded for animal pelts and fur with Native Americans. '''In the late 1700s, Spanish explorers started settling in Southern California and initiated the establishment of missions. These missions served as focal points for interactions between Native Americans and Spanish settlers, encompassing cultural exchanges, political negotiations, trade activities, and economic developments. Evidence of these exchanges and developments were kept by the Spanish who maintained detailed ledgers documenting items that were traded in Santa Barbara between them and the Chumash natives that lived in the missions.''' Eventually, wars, the dwindling of Native American populations, and the westward expansion of the United States led to the confinement of tribes to reservations and the end of this kind of economic relations between Indians and European Americans

Trade between Tribes (adding section)
Pre-Contact (also known as the Pre-Columbian era) trade refers to different trade between Native American Tribes and territories before European contact and colonization. Throughout the Americas, Native American tribes had been trading for thousands of years using different material goods and/or currency.

Shell Beads (adding section)
Shell beads (also referred to as Shell Money) have been used for around 9,000-10,000 years in the Americas, both pre-contact and post-contact. It was most commonly used as a form of trade, either as a material to be exchanged, or as a form of currency.

For example, the Olivella biplicata, or the purple olive shell was used during the early Holocene period. Typically used by the Chumash, crafted and shaped into 22 different variations of beads, which were the main source of currency. Some examples include; Needle-Drilled Disk, Lipped, Cupped, Thin Rectangle (Pendant), Thin Rectangle (Sequin), Split Punched, Split Amorphous, Split Drilled/Oval, Tiny/Irregular Saucer, Small Narrow Saddle, Large Narrow Saddle, Rough Saddles (Rectanguloid/Elliptic Symmetric), Rough Saddle (Rectanguloid Oblique), Rough Saddle (Elliptic Oblique), Smooth Saddle, Saucer/Ring, and Thick Rectangle, all created using Olivella. Made in the Santa Barbara Channel, they were distributed throughout Chumash territory, making its way up California, the Great Basin, and in Western North America.

The (Palm Springs) Cahuilla used strings of shell beads as currency, with specific lengths being assigned for different amounts of money. A string of shell beads from the forehead to the ground, then multiplied by 4 was equal to 50 United States cents, titled Witchu. The Napanaa, was a string of shell beads, measured by wrapping around the wrists and fingers, was equal to 20 cents. Additionally, these shell beads were not created by the Cahullia, instead traded from the Serrano who received it from Gabrieleno/Tongva.

Basketry (adding section)
Trade played a central role in spreading basket designs among California tribes through active exchange networks involving ceremonial events, visits, and intermarriages. This facilitated the dissemination of design styles across neighboring communities, resulting in highly similar systems among tribes in close proximity. This uniformity in basket weaving shows a strong trade network, contrasting with the variability observed in tribes like the Pomo, who lived in more isolated communities. However, tribes such as the Yurok, Karok, and Hupa exhibited nearly identical basketry.

The intertribal commerce of Native American tribes across California and adjacent regions. Baskets served as valuable commodities. Tribes engaged in the exchange of baskets to obtain goods, forge alliances, and foster social connections. For instance, the Yokuts tribes traded baskets with the Miwok, Coast Miwok, and Tubatulabal, among others. Additionally, the Salinan people participated in basket trade with the Yokuts and Chumash tribes. Tribes engaged in trade also obtained a variety of goods in return. These included natural resources such as obsidian, fish, salt, acorns, pine nuts, and manzanita berries.

Maidu baskets originate primarily from northeastern California, the native territory of the Maidu people. The Maidu are indigenous to the Sierra Nevada foothills and adjacent valleys, including areas such as the Sacramento Valley, the northern Sierra Nevada, and the Cascade Range. These baskets are crafted using traditional techniques passed down through generations and are made from locally sourced materials such as willow, maple, redbud, and ferns. Maidu baskets, like the one found in Molalla territory, Oregon, were likely traded beyond their native territory. Maidu baskets were valued for both practical and ceremonial purposes, likely playing a role in cultural exchange beyond their utilitarian function, contributing to their desirability for trade.

Ceramics (adding section)
The majority of imported ceramics arrived in Alta, California via annual supply ships from the Naval Department of San Blas. San Blas was established in 1768 for the express purpose of facilitating the Manila Galleon trade and serving as a supply depot for Alta California colonial settlements. Goods shipped from San Blas to Alta California ranged from blacksmiths’ anvils to silk ribbons and household goods like ceramics

Local ceramics were produced within each mission community rather than vessels obtained in trade from autonomous Indigenous potters. The San Diego presidio, table service at the four missions San Carlos, San Antonio’s, San Juan Bautista, and Santa Clara likely included both locally produced wares and imported wares because several typical tableware forms such as cups and plates are not present ware assemblages.

Fur Trade (existing section)
Rabbit-skin blankets were a textile category that were often traded among California groups. Great Basin and other desert groups dinging California, with a good supply of hares and cottontails, were important sources for trade. The Surprise Valley Northern Paiute traded them to the Central and Southern Miwok but also received them, especially from the Tubatulabal.

Trade with the Spanish (existing section)
Native Americans used obsidian for thousands of years pre-contact with Europeans. As Native Americans began to settle at centralized mission establishments, they brought in obsidian items such as projectile points. The maintenance of resources such as obsidian originated from far distances such as Napa Valley, CA indicates that indigenous stone tools were traded with people at Spanish missions.

Mission San Jose
Archeological evidence from missions in Northern California conclude that Native Americans rerouted obsidian exchange networks through Spanish missions such as Mission San Jose which existed from 1797 into the 1840s. Mission San Jose was located in Ohlone territory In which stone tool technologies were prevalent. Given the constraints of colonialism, Native Americans who were mission-based were able to trade obsidian through Direct geological sources or through evolving trade  networks that involved training with other tribes as well as the Spanish