User:Ansaarmohamed/sandbox

Natural predators are predators from the prey’s natural range. The natural predators of adult turtles are the smooth-coated otter and the tiger, while natural predator of eggs are monitor lizards, crows, snakes, eagles, and wild pigs. Non-natural predators of adults and eggs are humans. Amyda cartilaginea can be infected through many freshwater organisms and have died. Known species parasitic to Amyda cartilaginea are bacteria: Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas veronii, fungus: Saprolegnia and ectoparasitic worm: Pseudocalceostoma. Larger organisms are leeches and nematodes species: Monhysterides jambiensis and Spiroxys sumatraensis.

Ansaar,

I think this is a challenging topic but you seem to have developed useful information and gave a good understanding of the topic. Have you read any more information on non-natural predators? Maybe you could add more information about that and also what natural predators and non-natural predators mean. I don't think your topic is going to be lengthy, but I would say a few more sentences on defining what those mean.

Brandi

The natural predators of adult turtles are the smooth-coated otter and the tiger, while natural predator of eggs are monitor lizards, crows, snakes, eagles, and wild pigs. Non-natural predators of adults and eggs are humans. Amyda cartilaginea can be infected through many freshwater organisms and have died. Known species parasitic to Amyda cartilaginea are bacteria: Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas veronii, fungus: Saprolegnia and ectoparasitic worm: Pseudocalceostoma. Larger organisms are leeches and nematodes species: Monhysterides jambiensis and Spiroxys sumatraensis.

1) Purwaningsih, E., and Mumpuni. 2015. Parasitic nematodes from turtles: New species and new record from Indonesia. J. Coastal Life Medicine 3(8):607-611.
 * Fresh water nematodes Monhysterides jambiensis and Spiroxys sumatraensis found in the intestines of amyda cartilaginea in  Jambi,  Sumatera

2) http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Amyda_cartilaginea/ 3) http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/amyda-cartilaginea-092/
 * Humans a main adult predator
 * Eggs preyed on by natural predators and some humans.
 * Asian food trade

4) http://jinh.fmipa.unand.ac.id/index.php/jinh/article/view/23/21 5) http://www.arkive.org/southeast-asian-soft-terrapin/amyda-cartilaginea/ 6) http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/61540 7) http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ursus-proxy-1.ursus.maine.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=25&sid=8a65e263-d5ba-4f8e-bb56-e8fde703e3dd%40sessionmgr101&hid=102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=35893648&db=a9h
 * popular food item
 * Natural adult predators are smooth otter and tiger
 * Natural egg predator are monitor lizards, crows, snakes, eagles, and wild pigs
 * Hundreds of amyda cartilaginea died due to infection
 * Saprolegnia sp. fungus
 * Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas veronii bacteria
 * Infested by leeches (2008)
 * infested by the ectoparasite worm, Pseudocalceostoma sp. (2000)
 * eggs and hatchlings preyed on by monitor lizards (Varanus species), crows (Corvus species), and serpent eagles (Spilornis cheela)
 * 2010 mass deaths in holding pond due to bacteria outbreak
 * Turtles hunted via baited hooks or muddling
 * Muddling during the dry season yields more.
 * source of protein
 * commercial trade