User:AnselZikuanQi/People's Police of the People's Republic of China

Description
"Public security" broadly refers to the people's police, which is divided into public security polices managed by the public security department (ie, narrowly defined "public security", including security police, household registration police, criminal police, traffic police, etc.), national security police managed by the national security department, and the judicial administrative system There are five categories of prison people's police and judicial police in courts and procuratorates. "People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China," Chapter 1, Article 2, Paragraph 2 stipulates that "People's Police includes the public security organs, national security organs, prisons, and the People's Police of People's Courts, People's Procuratorates, and judicial polices." Note: Re-education through labor has been abolished). The People ’s Police is a national civil servant. It implements a five-level police rank system of chief police officer, police supervisor, police supervisor, superintendent, and police officer.

History
17 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, people's public security organs have made great achievements. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was established. On October 9, the Central People's Government Committee appointed Luo Ruiqing as Minister of Public Security of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and Yang Qiqing as Deputy Minister. The first national public security conference was held on October 15 to study and solve the problem of unifying the work tasks of national public security organizations and public security organs. On November 1, the Ministry of Public Security was formally established, and local public security organs at all levels were established nationwide, greatly strengthening China's nascent people's democratic dictatorship. From 1949 to 1966, a total of 14 national public security conferences were convened, promptly conveying the instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao on public security work, studying and implementing the lines, guidelines, and policies formulated by the Party Central Committee for public security work, and arranging public security work in various periods. The important task is to summarize and exchange the experience of public security work. In the past 17 years, China's public security work has achieved brilliant results. The specific performance is as follows :

First, establish and improve public security organizations throughout the country and clarify tasks. The organization form of public security work is changed from the party organization form to the regime form. The Ministry of Public Security is established in the central and major administrative regions; the Public Security Department (bureau) is established in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities; the Public Security Bureau is established in provincial cities; in counties and cities Establish public security bureaus; provincial and autonomous regional public security bureaus set up agencies in various local administrative offices—public security offices; municipalities and provincial cities set up local agencies—public security branches; public security bureaus and branches in counties and cities set up public security in streets and towns Police stations and villages set up public security agents; set up security bureaus (departments), divisions, branches or special agents in industrial and mining, enterprise, cultural, educational and other departments and important organs.

Second, remove the residues of the reactionary forces and the muddy water left over from the old society. It has successively carried out activities such as smoking ban, drug control, closed brothels, reform of prostitutes, accommodation and reform of beggars, banning reactionary doors, and crackdown on feudal chiefs, transforming an old corrupt society into a new society.

Third, launch a counter-revolutionary movement. The whole movement began in October 1950 and ended in June 1953. It severely cracked down on counter-revolutionaries in five aspects: bandits, bullies, secret agents, reactionary party members, and reactionary leaders. They defended land reform, resistance to the United States, North Korea, and socialist transformation. The smooth progress of the country has ensured the recovery and development of the national economy and consolidated the nascent people's government.

Fourth, reform a large number of war criminals. Guided by the party's correct line, the public security organs transformed Japanese war criminals, Kuomintang war criminals, Puppet Manchuria war criminals, and Puppet Mongolian war criminals, and achieved great success. All the reformed Japanese war criminals were sent back to their country. From 1959, the Kuomintang war criminals and the Puppet Manchurian war criminals were released in batches of amnesty. By 1975, all the amnesties were released. By 1982, the former military and political personnel below the county level of the Kuomintang in custody were all released leniently.

Fifth, it ensures the implementation of the party's line, principles, and policies, and safeguards the smooth progress of the socialist revolution and socialist construction.

Nature of institution
The public security organ is an important tool for the people's democratic dictatorship. This is the class attribute of the public security organ and its fundamental attribute. Because it shows the class nature of public security organs, which is the core content and essential characteristics of the nature of public security organs. This class attribute of public security organs shows that:

1. public security organs have a distinctive class nature. As an important tool for the people's democratic dictatorship, public security organs must insist on democracy for the people and protect the interests of the people; they should exercise dictatorship over the very few hostile forces and elements who endanger the country and the people's interests.

2. public security organs occupy an important position in the state power. Public security organs are an important part of the national machine. Together with the military, courts, prisons and other national compulsory institutions, they constitute the state power. In this power, the military and police are the main pillars. Zhou Enlai said: "The state is in danger, the public security is half of it."

3. the public security organ is a faithful executor of national will. In a people's democratic dictatorship where the people are the masters, the public security organs are established according to the will of the broad masses of the people, faithfully execute the will of the people and the state, and take the tasks entrusted by the state as the general basis and goal of public security, Based on national policies and laws as the basis for all activities, and therefore is a loyal executor of national will.

1.The dictatorship function of public security organs：
The dictatorship function of public security organs refers to the social effectiveness of public security organs in suppressing, sanctioning, reforming, and supervising hostile forces, hostile elements, and criminals that seriously endanger public order. The dictatorship function of the public security organs is specifically used to deal with hostile forces, hostile elements and serious criminals. The essence of the public security organs is the political rule exercised by the public security organs on behalf of the country and the people against the above dictatorship objects. The contents of the dictatorship function of public security organs include: the purpose of the dictatorship is to protect the people ’s democratic dictatorship and consolidate the socialist system; the dictatorship targets hostile forces and hostile elements, serious criminals;

2. The democratic functions of public security organs：
The democratic function of the public security organ refers to the social effectiveness of the public security organ in protecting the democratic rights and other legitimate rights and interests of the people according to law. The essence of the democratic functions of public security organs is to guarantee the people's status as the master of the country and the interests of the people. The contents of the democratic functions of public security organs include: guaranteeing that people fully enjoy the democratic rights and other rights prescribed by the Constitution and laws; guaranteeing people ’s participation in the management of state affairs according to law, enjoying normal political life, economic life, and cultural life; and using democratic methods to properly handle Contradictions among the people; rely on the masses of the people to do a good job in public security; serve the people wholeheartedly.

Security police：
The public security police are the police who manage the investigation and handling of public security cases (events). They are generally set up at the police station and the public security bureaus and divisions of the district and county level (inclusive) and above. The main tasks of the public security police are: prevention, detection and suppression of illegal crimes; maintenance of public order in public places; management of special industries; management of dangerous goods; handling of general illegal cases.

Criminal police：
Criminal police (abbreviated as criminal police), do criminal investigations, analyze and study the criminal situation; organize and coordinate the detection of general, major and extraordinarily large criminal cases; undertake the extraction, inspection and identification of traces and physical evidence of cases. Responsible for anti-drug, anti-triad, and anti-terrorism work within its jurisdiction; undertaking economic crime investigation and prevention within its jurisdiction; undertaking liaison and contact with foreign-related criminal cases and foreign police. The narrow sense of "Interpol" refers to the police of the Interpol Squad. The broad sense also includes the economic investigation team, anti-drug team and so on. The main task is to investigate criminal cases. There are daily heard of criminal cases such as theft, homicide, fraud, and trafficking of women and children.

The national criminal police are divided into the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, the Provincial (Autonomous Region) Public Security Department (municipal public security bureaus), prefecture-level municipal (autonomous prefecture) public security bureaus (regional public security bureaus), and county (county-level cities, flags) public security bureaus (municipal police Sub-bureau) Level 4 public security organ. Criminal Investigation Bureau is set up in the Ministry of Public Security; Criminal Investigation (Police) Corps is set up in the Provincial Public Security Bureau (Bureau); Criminal Investigation (Police) Detachment is set up in the Public Security Bureau (Department) at the prefecture level; With criminal investigation (police) brigade. In addition, there is a first-level dispatch agency, that is, the Criminal Investigation Brigade dispatches a number of criminal police teams to the jurisdiction, and the criminal police team is the actual combat unit at the lowest level of the public security organ.

Criminal investigation is an important part of public security work. The criminal investigation department is a full-time department to fight criminal crimes. "Criminal Procedure Law" stipulates that criminal investigation is the first link in criminal prosecution activities. The investigation, prosecution and trial stage are juxtaposed, which is an independent procedural stage. The main evidence for prosecuting criminal suspects in criminal proceedings comes from investigation. The powers of investigation, procuratorial powers and adjudication are exercised by the three organs of public security, procuratorial and court within the scope prescribed by law, and cannot exceed their duties or replace each other.

Traffic police：
Refers to the people's policeman who works in the traffic control police brigade within the public security organ. Traffic police is a kind of police. Its responsibilities are to maintain traffic order, deal with traffic accidents, investigate and correct road traffic violations, and be responsible for the registration management of motor vehicles, etc., referred to as "traffic police". The main responsibilities are to investigate and deal with road traffic violations and traffic accidents according to law; to maintain urban and rural road traffic order and highway security order; to carry out motor vehicle safety inspection, license issuance and driver assessment and issuance; to carry out road traffic safety publicity and education activities; Manage scientific research work; participate in the planning of urban construction, road traffic and safety facilities. Organize publicity of traffic laws and regulations, manage road traffic order according to law, manage vehicles, drivers and pedestrians, educate traffic offenders, investigate and handle traffic accidents to maintain normal traffic order and ensure smooth and safe traffic

Patrol police：
Some people call the patrol police the citizens '"guardian god" because they are always by the citizens' side and can give people more sense of security. The main duties of the patrol police are: Responsible for the planning, design and construction of traffic safety facilities; Handle traffic accidents according to law, patrol in designated places, implement laws and regulations, conduct traffic control, evacuate people, prevent crimes and arrest offenders; Maintain traffic order, direct and direct traffic, correct and punish traffic violations; Organize, coordinate and supervise and guide traffic order management, road security management, traffic accident handling, traffic safety legal system propaganda, traffic violation corrections, vehicle registration and inspection, driver traffic safety education and training, assessment, inspection and licensing, road administration Management and traffic static management; Organize and coordinate traffic diversion and traffic guards; accept and guide traffic violations, accident handling and other reconsideration work; Responsible for persuading, stopping, investigating and handling public security disputes on roads or public places; Responsible for managing road security checkpoints.

Special police：
The special police is a kind of police that undertakes certain special tasks. The special police is a special elite among the police. Specially responsible for all kinds of special dangerous tasks: for example: rescue hostages, siege terrorists or gangsters with powerful firearms, etc. SWAT officers usually receive special and rigorous semi-military training and use weapons better than ordinary police officers.

Common equipment includes body armor, armored vehicles, light machine guns, carbines, high-lethal sniper rifles, tear gas, smoke bombs, stun bombs, and so on. The Chinese public security police refers to the special police team established within the public security system, and the team is organized as "Headquarters-Detachment-Brigade-Squadron". The functions overlap with the armed police, such as: anti-terrorism, detonation, and anti-hijacking; other functions: assisting other police types (criminal police, traffic police, etc.) to perform tasks such as setting up vehicles for chuck inspection and arresting suspects with guns.