User:AnthonyIreland/sandbox

Twin Towns
Twin Towns that have been completed and table of Twin Towns by country and by region.


 * Twin Towns by Country


 * Twin Towns by Region

Galway City

 * Galway
 * 🇩🇰 Aalborg, North Jutland Region, Denmark (1997)
 * 🇳🇿 Auckland, Auckland Region, New Zealand (2002)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Bradford, England, United Kingdom (1986)
 * 🇺🇸 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (1994)
 * 🇺🇸 Chicago, Illinois, United States (1997)
 * 🇫🇷 Lorient, Brittany, France (1975)
 * 🇺🇸 Menlo Park, California, United States (2015)
 * 🇺🇸 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States (2001)
 * 🇨🇦 Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada (2002)
 * 🇨🇳 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China (1999)
 * 🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington, United States (1986)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom (2012)
 * 🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri, United States (1977)

Galway County

 * Athenry
 * 🇫🇷 Quimperlé, Brittany, France (2004)
 * 🇨🇦 Renews-Cappahayden, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2013)


 * Ballinasloe
 * 🇫🇷 Chalonnes-sur-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France (1991)


 * Ballymoe
 * 🇺🇸 Boys Town, Nebraska, United States (2002)


 * Clifden
 * 🇲🇽 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico (2012)


 * Headford
 * 🇫🇷 Le Faouët, Brittany, France
 * 🇺🇸 Morgan Hill, California, United States


 * Oranmore
 * 🇫🇷 Clohars-Fouesnant, Brittany, France (2012)


 * Tuam
 * 🇩🇪 Straubing, Bavaria, Germany (1984)

County Leitrim

 * Carrick-on-Shannon
 * 🇫🇷 Cesson-Sévigné, Brittany, France (1999)


 * Drumshanbo
 * 🇫🇷 Locquirec, Brittany, France (1997)

County Roscommon

 * County Roscommon
 * 🇺🇸 Tucson, Arizona, United States


 * Roscommon
 * 🇫🇷 Chartrettes, Île-de-France, France (1998)

County Sligo

 * Sligo
 * 🇫🇷 Crozon, Brittany, France (1985)
 * 🇺🇸 Everett, Washington, United States
 * 🇩🇪 Kempten, Bavaria, Germany (1990)
 * 🇺🇸 Tallahassee, Florida, United States (1995)

County Carlow

 * County Carlow
 * 🇺🇸 Davenport, Iowa, United States (2006)


 * Carlow
 * 🇫🇷 Dole, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Northwich, England, United Kingdom
 * 🇺🇸 Tempe, Arizona, United States (1998)


 * Hacketstown
 * 🇺🇸 Hackettstown, New Jersey, United States (1995)


 * Muine Bheag
 * 🇫🇷 Pont-Péan, Brittany, France (2000)

Dublin City

 * Dublin
 * 🇪🇸 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (1998)
 * 🇨🇳 Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China (2010)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Liverpool, England, United Kingdom (1997)
 * Nablus, Nablus Governorate, Palestine
 * 🇺🇸 San Jose, California, United States (1986)

Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown

 * County Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom (1987)
 * 🇫🇷 Brest, Brittany, France (1984)
 * 🇨🇳 Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (2013)
 * 🇯🇵 Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, Japan (2008)


 * Blackrock
 * 🇫🇷 Vincennes, Île-de-France, France (2019)

Fingal

 * Balbriggan
 * 🇺🇸 Belmar, New Jersey, United States (2008)
 * 🇩🇪 Sankt Wendel, Saarland, Germany (2008)


 * Balrothery
 * 🇫🇷 Landéan, Brittany, France (1995)


 * Loughshinny
 * 🇫🇷 Quistinic, Brittany, France (1993)


 * Lusk
 * 🇫🇷 Thorigné-Fouillard, Brittany, France (1993)


 * Rush
 * 🇫🇷 Gourin, Brittany, France
 * 🇮🇹 San Mauro Castelverde, Sicily, Italy


 * Skerries
 * 🇫🇷 Guichen, Brittany, France (1994)


 * Swords
 * 🇫🇷 Ozoir-la-Ferrière, Île-de-France, France (1991)

South Dublin

 * County South Dublin
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Brent, England, United Kingdom (1997)
 * 🇺🇸 Tampa, Florida, United States (2015)


 * Rathcoole
 * 🇫🇷 École-Valentin, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France (2000)

County Meath

 * County Meath
 * 🇺🇸 Cary, North Carolina, United States (2001)
 * 🇨🇳 Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China (2014)


 * Ashbourne
 * 🇪🇸 Corcubión, Galicia, Spain (2017)


 * Athboy
 * 🇫🇷 Automne Villages, Hauts-de-France, France (2000)


 * Kells
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Iona, Scotland, United Kingdom


 * Navan
 * 🇮🇹 Bobbio, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2003)
 * 🇮🇹 Broccostella, Lazio, Italy (2006)


 * Oldcastle
 * 🇨🇦 Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada (2009)


 * Trim
 * 🇫🇷 Étrépagny, Normandy, France (1989)

County Offaly

 * Tullamore
 * 🇺🇸 Chandler, Arizona, United States (2009)

County Westmeath

 * Athlone
 * 🇫🇷 Châteaubriant, Pays de la Loire, France (1995)

County Wexford

 * County Wexford
 * 🇲🇽 Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico


 * Enniscorthy
 * 🇫🇷 Gimont, Occitanie, France (1992)


 * Ferns
 * 🇺🇸 Yelm, Washington, United States (1996)


 * Gorey
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Oban, Scotland, United Kingdom


 * New Ross
 * 🇺🇸 Hartford, Connecticut, United States
 * 🇫🇷 Moncoutant, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
 * 🇬🇧 Newcastle, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1985)


 * Wexford
 * 🇺🇸 Annapolis, Maryland, United States (1993)
 * 🇫🇷 Couëron, Pays de la Loire, France (1982)
 * 🇮🇹 Lugo, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2013)

County Wicklow

 * County Wicklow
 * 🇨🇳 Hainan Province, China (2017)
 * 🇺🇸 Seminole County, Florida, United States (1991)
 * 🇩🇪 Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1999)


 * Arklow
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom (2016)
 * 🇫🇷 Châteaudun, Centre-Val de Loire, France (1983)


 * Avoca
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Bromham, England, United Kingdom (1997)


 * Bray
 * 🇫🇷 Bègles, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1994)
 * 🇺🇸 Dublin, California, United States (1987)
 * 🇩🇪 Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1999)


 * Greystones
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Holyhead, Wales, United Kingdom (2012)


 * Laragh/Glendalough
 * 🇨🇿 Otročiněves, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic (2008)


 * Roundwood
 * 🇫🇷 Spézet, Brittany, France (1986)


 * Wicklow
 * 🇩🇪 Eichenzell, Hesse, Germany (2011)
 * 🇫🇷 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, Île-de-France, France (1993)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Porthmadog, Wales, United Kingdom (2006)

Cork City

 * Ballincollig
 * 🇩🇪 Mechterstädt, Thuringia, Germany (2004)
 * 🇫🇷 Saclay, Île-de-France, France (1994)


 * Cork
 * 🇩🇪 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (1988)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Coventry, England, United Kingdom (1958)
 * 🇷🇺 Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia
 * 🇫🇷 Rennes, Brittany, France (1982)
 * 🇺🇸 San Francisco, California, United States (1984)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom (1994)
 * 🇨🇳 Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China (2005)

Cork County

 * County Cork
 * 🇺🇸 Cook County, Illinois, United States (1999)


 * Ballydehob
 * 🇫🇷 Cléden-Cap-Sizun, Brittany, France (1999)


 * Ballymakeera
 * 🇫🇷 Lanrivain, Brittany, France (1985)


 * Ballyvourney
 * 🇫🇷 Trémargat, Brittany, France (1985)


 * Bandon
 * 🇺🇸 Bandon, Oregon, United States


 * Bantry
 * 🇺🇸 La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States (2005)
 * 🇫🇷 Pont-l'Abbé, Brittany, France (1983)


 * Carrigaline
 * 🇫🇷 Guidel, Brittany, France (1987)
 * 🇩🇪 Kirchseeon, Bavaria, Germany (2015)


 * Charleville
 * 🇫🇷 Plouaret/Le Vieux-Marché, Brittany, France (1996)


 * Clonakilty
 * 🇫🇷 Châteaulin, Brittany, France (1986)
 * 🇩🇪 Waldaschaff, Bavaria, Germany (1989)


 * Cobh
 * 🇧🇷 Cruzeiro, São Paulo, Brazil
 * 🇵🇱 Kolbuszowa, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland (2002)
 * 🇺🇸 Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States (2008)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Pontarddulais, Wales, United Kingdom
 * 🇫🇷 Ploërmel, Brittany, France (1984)


 * Coolea
 * 🇫🇷 Peumerit-Quintin, Brittany, France (1985)


 * Dunmanway
 * 🇫🇷 Quéven, Brittany, France (1987)


 * Fermoy
 * 🇫🇷 Ploemeur, Brittany, France (1982)


 * Kilnamartyra
 * 🇫🇷 Kergrist-Moëlou, Brittany, France (1985)


 * Kinsale
 * 🇫🇷 Antibes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (1990)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Mumbles, Wales, United Kingdom (1992)
 * 🇺🇸 Newport, Rhode Island, United States (1999)


 * Macroom
 * 🇫🇷 Bubry, Brittany, France (1980)
 * 🇮🇹 Marcallo con Casone, Lombardy, Italy (2002)


 * Mallow
 * 🇺🇸 Tinley Park, Illinois, United States (2002)
 * 🇫🇷 Tréguier, Brittany, France (1990)


 * Millstreet
 * 🇫🇷 Pommerit-le-Vicomte, Brittany, France (1985)


 * Passage West
 * 🇫🇷 Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1997)


 * Skibbereen/Baltimore
 * 🇫🇷 Penmarch, Brittany, France

County Kerry

 * Beaufort
 * 🇺🇸 Beaufort, North Carolina, United States


 * Castleisland
 * 🇫🇷 Bannalec, Brittany, France (2007)


 * Dingle Peninsula
 * 🇮🇹 Tolfa, Lazio, Italy (1998)
 * 🇺🇸 West Springfield, Massachusetts, United States (2017)


 * Killarney
 * 🇮🇹 Casperia, Lazio, Italy (2017)
 * 🇮🇹 Castiglione di Sicilia, Sicily, Italy (1986)
 * 🇺🇸 Concord, North Carolina, United States (1993)
 * 🇺🇸 Cooper City, Florida, United States (2003)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Kendal, England, United Kingdom (2004)
 * 🇺🇸 Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States (2007)
 * 🇩🇪 Pleinfeld, Bavaria, Germany (2007)
 * 🇫🇷 Saint-Avertin, Centre-Val de Loire, France (2004)
 * 🇺🇸 Scottsdale, Arizona, United States (2017)
 * 🇺🇸 Springfield, Illinois, United States (1996)
 * 🇸🇪 Staffanstorp, Scania, Sweden (2008)


 * Killorglin
 * 🇫🇷 Plouha, Brittany, France (1999)


 * Listowel
 * 🇬🇧 Downpatrick, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1981)
 * 🇺🇸 Los Gatos, California, United States (1994)
 * 🇫🇷 Panissières, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (1992)
 * 🇺🇸 Shawnee, Kansas, United States (1985)


 * Tralee
 * Beit Sahour, Bethlehem Governorate, Palestine (2019)
 * 🇺🇸 Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States (2017)
 * 🇺🇸 Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Westlake, Ohio, United States (2009)

County Limerick

 * County Limerick
 * 🇩🇪 Hohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (1990)
 * 🇺🇸 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States (1999)


 * Adare
 * 🇩🇪 Buchloe, Bavaria, Germany
 * 🇩🇪 Buckow, Brandenburg, Germany (2015)
 * 🇫🇷 Villecresnes, Île-de-France, France (2013)


 * Ballylanders
 * 🇺🇸 Wyandotte County, Kansas, United States (2009)


 * Cappamore
 * 🇫🇷 Langonnet, Brittany, France


 * Limerick
 * 🇪🇸 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
 * 🇺🇸 Boston, Massachusetts, United States (2016)
 * 🇺🇸 Kansas City, Kansas, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Limerick Township, Pennsylvania, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
 * 🇫🇷 Quimper, Brittany, France (1981)
 * 🇺🇸 Santa Clara, California, United States (2014)
 * 🇺🇸 Spokane, Washington, United States (1990)
 * 🇵🇱 Starogard Gdański, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland


 * Murroe
 * 🇫🇷 Évry-Grégy-sur-Yerre, Île-de-France, France (1996)

County Waterford

 * Ardmore
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Abbotskerswell, England, United Kingdom (1996)
 * 🇫🇷 Le Pré-d'Auge/Les Monceaux, Normandy, France (1996)


 * Dungarvan
 * 🇺🇸 Erie, Pennsylvania, United States (2007)


 * Lismore
 * 🇦🇺 Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (2000)


 * Waterford
 * 🇺🇸 Rochester, New York, United States (1983)
 * 🇫🇷 Saint-Herblain, Pays de la Loire, United States (1982)
 * 🇨🇦 St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2002)

County Cavan

 * Cavan
 * 🇫🇷 Jaunay-Clan, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1989)

County Donegal

 * Arranmore
 * 🇺🇸 Beaver Island, Michigan, United States


 * Ballyshannon
 * 🇫🇷 Grenay, Hauts-de-France, France (2008)
 * 🇫🇷 Séné, Brittany, France (1991)


 * Buncrana
 * 🇺🇸 Campbellsville, Kentucky, United States
 * 🇫🇷 Fréhel/Plévenon, Brittany, France


 * Bundoran
 * 🇨🇾 Agros, Limassol District, Cyprus (2011)
 * 🇪🇸 Altea, Valencian Community, Spain (1991)
 * 🇫🇮 Asikkala, Päijät-Häme, Finland (2016)
 * 🇩🇪 Bad Kötzting, Bavaria, Germany (1991)
 * 🇮🇹 Bellagio, Lombardy, Italy (1991)
 * 🇵🇱 Chojna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland (2004)
 * 🇫🇷 Granville, Normandy, France (1991)
 * 🇩🇰 Holstebro, Central Denmark Region, Denmark (1991)
 * 🇧🇪 Houffalize, Wallonia, Belgium (1991)
 * 🇦🇹 Judenburg, Styria, Austria (1999)
 * 🇭🇺 Kőszeg, Vas County, Hungary (2004)
 * 🇲🇹 Marsaskala, Marsaskala, Malta (2009)
 * 🇳🇱 Meerssen, Limburg, Netherlands (1991)
 * 🇱🇺 Niederanven, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (1991)
 * 🇸🇪 Oxelösund, Södermanland County, Sweden (1998)
 * 🇬🇷 Preveza, Epirus, Greece (1991)
 * 🇱🇹 Rokiškis, Panevėžys County, Lithuania (2018)
 * 🇭🇷 Rovinj, Istria County, Croatia (2016)
 * 🇵🇹 Sesimbra, Setúbal District, Portugal (1991)
 * 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Sherborne, England, United Kingdom (1991)
 * 🇱🇻 Sigulda, Sigulda Municipality, Latvia (2004)
 * 🇷🇴 Siret, Suceava County, Romania (2010)
 * 🇸🇮 Škofja Loka, Upper Carniola, Slovenia (2011)
 * 🇨🇿 Sušice, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic (2004)
 * 🇧🇬 Tryavna, Gabrovo Province, Bulgaria (2011)
 * 🇪🇪 Türi, Järva County, Estonia (2004)
 * 🇸🇰 Zvolen, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia (2007)


 * Letterkenny
 * 🇺🇸 Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, United States (2002)
 * 🇩🇪 Rudolstadt, Thuringia, Germany (2018)

County Monaghan

 * County Monaghan
 * 🇨🇦 Cavan Monaghan, Ontario, Canada
 * 🇧🇪 Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992)
 * 🇨🇦 Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada (1999)
 * 🇨🇦 Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
 * 🇨🇦 Prince Edward Island, Canada (1994)


 * Ballybay
 * 🇩🇪 Osterhofen, Bavaria, Germany (2000)


 * Carrickmacross
 * 🇫🇷 Carhaix-Plouguer, Brittany, France (1996)


 * Castleblayney
 * 🇫🇷 Marseillan, Occitanie, France (2013)
 * 🇫🇷 Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Centre-Val de Loire, France (2006)


 * Tydavnet
 * 🇧🇪 Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992)

Senators

 * Notes

Constituency profile
The constituency comprises some of the most diverse geography differences in the country, stretching from large urban areas in the north east to small rural villages in the south west, divided by mountains running down the centre of the constituency. Wicklow is the county capital while Bray is by far the largest town in the constituency. The counting of votes during elections takes place in Greystones.

Left of centre parties tend to perform better in the north east areas of the constituency, such as Bray, Greystones and Newtownmountkennedy. Right of centre parties tend perform better in more rural parts of the constituency, especially in the south and west.

3 of the current 5 TD's represent left of centre parties while another current TD, Stephen Donnelly of Fianna Fáil, was previously elected in the constituency for a left of centre party. Both Donnelly of Fianna Fáil and Simon Harris of Fine Gael are also considered to be on the more progressive wings of their respective parties. All of the constituencies current TD's are based in either Bray or Greystones.

As a whole, the county and constituency of Wicklow is the most progressive and left leaning one in the country outside of Dublin. Wicklow had the highest vote for yes outside of Dublin in both the 2015 Marriage Equality Referendum and the 2018 Abortion Referendum, as well as the highest percentage vote for yes for a county outside of Dublin.

Constituency profile
The constituency comprises Ballyfermot, Bluebell, Crumlin, Drimnagh, Dolphin's Barn, the Liberties, Chapelizod, Walkinstown and parts of Terenure on the fringes. The largest employers in the area are the Guinness Brewery and St. James's Hospital. Dubbed the "People's republic of Dublin South-Central, the constituency is one of the country's most left-wing, with all of the TDs from centre-left or left-wing parties. Both Labour Party TDs elected in 2011 had previously been members of other left-wing parties: Eric Byrne was a former member of the Workers' Party of Ireland and Democratic Left, and Michael Conaghan had stood in a number of elections for Jim Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party.

Constituency profile
By geographical area, Dublin South-East was the smallest constituency in the country. It had a diverse socio-economic profile and a large transient population which is reflected in the turnout: the constituency had one of the lowest turnouts in the country in 2007 and 2011.

Notable Dublin South-East TDs include former Taoisigh John A. Costello and Garret FitzGerald, the former leader of the Progressive Democrats Michael McDowell, maverick left-wing politician Noël Browne and former Minister of Education Ruairi Quinn (who has the distinction of being its longest-serving, first elected in 1977 and continuously elected since February 1982). The former President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, unsuccessfully contested the constituency for Fianna Fáil in 1987.

The 'Rumble in Ranelagh' is a term used by Irish journalists to describe an open argument that took place between candidates Michael McDowell and John Gormley in Ranelagh, while canvassing in the 2007 general election. Gormley twice defeated McDowell to take the last seat, in 1997 and again in 2007, both times by relatively small margins. The 1997 result led to a mammoth recount, the longest in Irish political history, before McDowell conceded defeat.

Senators
Changes

List of major Irish racecourses
Horse Racing Ireland recognises the following racecourses:

Ulster
 * Downpatrick
 * Down Royal

Munster
 * Clonmel
 * Cork
 * Killarney
 * Limerick
 * Listowel
 * Thurles
 * Tipperary
 * Tramore

Leinster
 * Bellewstown
 * The Curragh
 * Dundalk
 * Fairyhouse
 * Gowran Park
 * Kilbeggan
 * Laytown
 * Leopardstown
 * Naas
 * Navan
 * Punchestown
 * Wexford

Connacht
 * Ballinrobe
 * Ballybrit (Galway)
 * Roscommon
 * Sligo

Races have previously been held under the Rules of Racing at a number of other locations. Races were held at Tralee until 2008, when the course was sold for redevelopment. Unaffiliated races are frequently held at many locations throughout the country.