User:AnthonyP11/sandbox

New Public Administration: Outline

Introduction:

1.    Correct grammatical errors and improve sentence clarity:

Sentence 2: Add "It is" to beginning of the sentence.

Sentence 3: Add "The theory's" to the beginning of the sentence.

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Sentence 3: Remove "in" from phrase "in which."

Sentence 3: Add "the" in front of the phrase "public interest."

New information: Public administration, to the extent that it differs from other forms of administration, is different because the policies which guide it, and which it executes, are framed and executed in an environment that is unique to government. If the field of public administration is to foster its own identity, if it is to enlarge its impact upon the public service, then it must recognize that which makes it unique and seek to build its academic function, and its academic respectability, upon this uniqueness. (from needed: new expertise in public administration/perla's sources)

2.    Add more information to the introduction when the other article sections are done.

As said in A New Synthesis of Public Administration: Serving in the 21st Century, public administration needs a new synthesis to integrate past theories, principles and practices of enduring value along with the lessons learned over the past 30 years in a manner that resonates more meaningfully with the reality of practice in the context of the world in which we live. (page 1)

1. Add more information to the following topics

·     Public interest

·     Public policy: (new information) Public policy results provide a sense of direction: civic results contribute to collective capacity-building.

·     Services to citizens
 * Provide context for NPM and Classic Model, as they are mentioned without it.
 * New information: While the history of the New Public Administration might not be as fluid as the other aspects of this article the origins of this reaction cant simply be overlooked. The lenses of varying perspectives can challenge, clarify, and create a history that boasts enough depth to serve as not only a history in a traditional sense but also an interactive timeline that ignites constant improvement. This is represented in the new public management a direct evolution of the new public administration.

2. Correct grammatical errors and improve sentence clarity:

Sentence 3: Change "The 1960s in the USA was a time of unusual..." to "In the USA, the 1960s were marked by a period of unusual..."

Sentence 5: Reorder sentence to read: "Waldo argued that the general mistrust with public administration itself was an example of the poor response."

Sentence 6: Remove "in" from the phrase "in which."

Sentence 7: Capitalize "new public management" and its abbreviation.

Sentence 7: Insert space between "New Public Management" and its abbreviation (NPM).

Sentence 8: Change " democracy or public interest have evolved over time and they are continuing to evolve" to "democracy and public interest have evolved over time and are continuing to do so."

Sentence 9: Change "the role of government and the role of the public service" to "the role of government and public service."

Sentence 9: Capitalize "model" in phrase "Classic model."

Sentence 11: Change "integrally bound to civilization and to our culture" to "integrally bound to our civilization and culture."

Sentence 11: Insert comma after "public administration."

Sentence 11: Change "out" to "our."

Features of New Public Administration:

6. Awareness: Bring attention to the works of a public administration and the task that public administrators carry out for the community and for the government. Jobs of public administrators affect community’s and mass amounts of people. The importance of the job should be highlighted.

7. Case Studies: Case studies help public administrators highlight situations and events where policies were not carried out as they should be. They set an example for what to do and what not to do. Case studies are a basic way to break down events in order to learn from other people’s mistakes and the affects those mistakes have had on the community. With public administration being a job devoted to the people; it is an obvious way to see the reality of the work you do in the community. While there are many cases where policies were not carried out as planned. There are also plenty of examples of executed policy’s that have benefited community’s, and those are important to look at as well.

8. Structure Change: Public Administration is moving is many different directions, it is more often called Public Management now. This is because the job is moving towards a direction of not only implementing policy to people but also managing policies as it trickles down through the law process, so that it is realistic for community’s and the people in them.

9. Jack of All Trades: the best public administrators tend to be someone who has knowledge in politics and law, but also has a hand in community functions. This allows for a smooth transition from policy to implementation.

Themes: No necessary changed yet

Criticisms: New information:

As said in A New Synthesis of Public Administration, governments have always been called upon to make difficult decisions, undertake complicated initiatives and face complex problems characteristics of the period. This is not in dispute. Nonetheless, the current circumstances is to determine what can be handled in the traditional way and what must be done differently?

Governments have always been called upon to face difficult problems. Setting priorities and making choices have always been difficult. For example, eliminating a sizable deficit is “merely” a difficult problem, although it is hard to believe when one is in the middle of such a heart-wrenching exercise. This entails making choices among equally deserving public purposes and making tough decisions about what should be preserved for the future. It requires reconciling future needs with what could garner a sufficient degree of public support in the short term to move forward. Academic public administration has lagged considerably behind practicing public administration. Improved curricula and a refocusing of emphasis upon the policy dynamics of government administration will be important factors in enticing more students to study of public administration. It is more important to increase the number and improving the geographic spread of universities with public affairs programs, integrating public affairs components into the curricula of other graduate and professional programs, developing many more in-service, mid-career educational programs for public servants, and utilizing existing resources to strengthen public affairs programs.Banovetz, James M. 1. “Needed: New Expertise in Public Administration.

Significance: No necessary changes

References:    1. Add more references

2. Review the references that the group used for the annotated bibliography                    and use the information through the wiki page

McGregor, Eugene B., and Richard F. Baker. "GREMEX - A Management Game for the New Public Administration." Public Administration Review 32.1 (1972): 24-32. Web.
This article by Eugene B. McGregor and Richard Baker is largely based around innovations in management specifically for the world-renowned organization NASA that has had great feats throughout history due to unique policies and a strong heir chary form the top to bottom that has enabled success. This involves teams of players who act as managers of a research and development project - the orbiting optical observatory - of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. During this exercise a computer and the referee-instructor together provide the realistic environment within which the team participants make their decisions affecting the course of the project. The article discusses the place of GREMEX in a tradition of games and simulations, and notes the similarities and differences between GREMEX and other management games currently in use for business training. Some of the actual decisions being made by the GREMEX teams are described to illustrate the nature of the exercise.

Mosher, Frederick C. "Public Administration Old and New: A Letter from Frederick C. Mosher." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART 2.2 (1992): 199-202. Web.
This article written by Fredrick C. Mosher is a unique comparison of the policies and ideals that have made up been apart of the make up of the institution. In the letter the author details how the simple title of calling the refined public administration “new” wasn’t the most appropriate because it represented an obvious improvement over the previous policies. The letter extensively outlined specific details about the refined administration that had been presented throughout a period of years. These policies and ideals represented unfrequented advancements that vastly improved public administration as a whole. This article not only hopes to make Perkins and other New Deal women visible, but more importantly it offers a fresh reading of the 1930s based on the care perspective implicit in the settlement ethos. Such a reading would provide a more complex and gender-inclusive view of the period than the familiar textbook narrative with its focus on government growth, executive reorganization, and the “principles approach” to management.

Page, Richard S. "A New Public Administration?" Public Administration Review 29.3 (1969): 303-04. Web.
Richard S. Page article is the tangible manifestation of conference that brought together students teachers and practitioners that are all around the same age relatively young. This combination of variables was meant to produce a unique effect that would produce a new fresh perspective on public administration that could only be produced by minds secluded from bias. The evaluation produced a unique set questions and answers that genuinely propelled the field. Public Administration Review has been the premier journal in the field of public administration research and theory for more than 75 years, and is the only journal in public administration that serves academics, practitioners, and students interested in the public sector and public sector management. Articles identify and analyze current trends, provide a factual basis for decision-making, stimulate discussion, and make the leading literature in the field available in an easily accessible format.

Riccucci, Norma M. "The "Old" Public Management versus the "New" Public Management: Where Does Public Administration Fit In?" Public Administration Review 61.2 (2001): 172-75. Web.
In this article by Norma M. Riccucci is effectively disagreeing with claims made by Larry Lynn’s piece “The myth of the Bureaucratic Paradigm”. Her undeniable expertise in public administration, public management and advanced degrees give her an extremely  credible platform to criticize  Lynn’s article. She strongly disagrees with  a number of Lynn’s claim and the fundamental claim that the students of public administration have not adequately challenged the New Public Management. She goes through the a list of grievances she has the have been addressed by the students are supposedly not handled in the new public management system. This study suggests that New Public Management drastically affects governmental production and delivery of the goods and services, by introducing many new concepts and propositions to the field of public administration. Nevertheless, it presents conflicting proposals and strikingly different juxtapositions.

Willbern, York. "Is the New Public Administration Still with Us?" Public Administration Review 33.4 (1973): 373-78. Web.
This excerpt written by York Willbern is a comprehensive review of the developments in public of some of the represent new and improved features of public administration. is an anti-positivist, anti-technical, and anti-hierarchical reaction against traditional public administration. A practiced theory in response to the ever-changing needs of the public and how institutions and administrations go about solving them these ideals are vividly portrayed in this detailed review but are faced with great friction from detractors of the old established system. This friction is constituted for a number of reasons one of which are the simple heirchary that has plagued the field of public administration. This is intimately divulged in this review and is very insightful about the things that are essential to facilitating the type of interactions that ultimately fuel positive actions.