User:Anthonyhcole/Vitamin D

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=From vitamin D article - from Ref 23, Holick 2004 =

Latitude
Garland et al (98 –100) reported that both colon and breast cancer risks were higher for those living at higher latitudes

Hanchette and Schwartz (101) also demonstrated a gradient for prostate cancer, with the highest mortality rates among white men living at the highest latitudes in the United States

there is also a latitudinal association with increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (106 –108) and cardiovascular disease (109).

People who were born below 35° N latitude and lived at or below that latitude for the first 10 years of their lives had decreased lifetime risks of developing multiple sclerosis,

Grant (102) examined latitudinal variations in breast cancer mortality rates in Europe and, controlling for diet, concluded that lack of UVBradiation from sunlight accounts for perhaps25%of the breast cancer mortality rates in northern Europe (104).

Sun exposure
Grant (102) examined latitudinal variations in breast cancer mortality rates in Europe and, controlling for diet, concluded that lack of UVB radiation from sunlight accounts for perhaps25%of the breast cancer mortality rates in northern Europe (104).

Grant (102) also reported that both men and women with more sun exposure were less likely to die prematurely as a result of cancer (102, 104).

Bodiwala et al (112) reported that men who worked outdoors and had increased sun exposure throughout their lifetimes had a 3–5-y “honeymoon” period before they developed prostate cancer, compared with age-matched control subjectswhohad little sun exposure and began developing prostate cancer at the age of 53 y.

Season
One study suggested that the seasonal variation in multiple sclerosis was 50% less in the summer, compared with that in the winter

Vitamin D intake
Mahon et al (111) and Ponsonby et al (107) observed that increases in vitamin Dintake were related to decreases in multiple sclerosis incidents.

treatment of children with 2000 IU/d vitamin D from 1 y of age decreased their risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus by 80% throughout the next 20 y (114) Was it placebo controlled? Or were they the children of caring parents? children from the same cohort who were vitamin D deficient at 1 y of age had a 4-fold increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

An increase in vitamin D intake has been associated with decreased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (115).

There is also evidence that increased intake of calcium and vitamin D decreases the risk of developing colon cancer (117).

25(OH)D concentration Tuohimaa et al (113) reported that the risk of prostate cancer was reduced by 50% with serum 25(OH)D concentrations of �50 nmol/L.

Exposure to tanning bed UVB radiation, which resulted in a >100% increase in blood concentrations of 25(OH)D, was effective in treating hypertension among adults. However, adults exposed to a tanning bed that transmitted only UVAradiation and did not increase blood concentrations of 25(OH)D demonstrated no effect on their hypertension (116).

A prospective study revealed that, if 25(OH)D concentrations were <50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL), then there was a 2-fold increased risk of developing colon cancer (98).

Pretreatment with1,25(OH)2D (Animal models)
pretreatment with1,25(OH)2D is effective in mitigating or preventing the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn’s disease

25(OH)D level
Prostate cancer Colon cancer Hypertension

Summary by disease
Prostate cancer: 25(OH)D concentration, Sun exposure, latitude Breast cancer: Latitude (2 studies) Colon cancer: 25(OH)D concentration, Vitamin D intake, latitude Multiple sclerosis: Vitamin D intake, lattitude, season, pretreatment with1,25(OH)2D (Animal models) Rheumatoid arthritis: Vitamin D intake, pretreatment with1,25(OH)2D (Animal models) Crohn's disease: pretreatment with1,25(OH)2D (Animal models) Cardiovascular disease: Lattitude Hypertension: 25(OH)D concentration, latitude Type 1 diabetes: Vitamin D intake, pretreatment with1,25(OH)2D (Animal models)