User:Antidiskriminator/Sources/Albania and Skanderbeg

Skenderbeg and Albania
NARRAZIONE DI GIORGIO CASTRIOTTO, DAI TURCHI NELLA LINGUA LORO CHIAMATO SCANDER BEG, CIOE ALESSANDRO MAGNO - from this website on Albanian
 * The Balkans: A Post-Communist History Аутор: Robert Bideleux,Ian Jeffries
 * Kosovo's Conflict By Robert Bideleux
 * Martin Segon:
 * List of historical works in Rastko internet library
 * List of historical works in Rastko internet library
 * GLOBALIZATION, CONDUCT NORMS AND ‘ CULTURE CONFLICT ’  Perceptions of Violence and Crime in an Ethnic Albanian Context 1 Jana Arsovska and Philippe Verduyn 2

Nacque Giorgio Castriotto di Gio-vanni, Signore dell\Albania, parte di Macedonia al mare Adriatico. Il quale signore Giovanni non potendo resistere all\armi tuchesche ottene da Amuratte la pace con certe condiz-ioni, una delle quali fu che gli desse i suoi figliuoli per ostaggi, e tra questi fu Scanderbeg. Il quale allevato nella corte del Turco et ammaestrato nelle lettere turchesche e nello essercizio delle armi, fe\ tale profitto che di dic-iannove anni fu creato sangiacco cioÃ¨ conduttiere di una banda di cavalli.

E portando un\aria di volto reale fu tanto grato da Amurate che lo mandÃ² prima nell\Asia contra al re di Cicilia, nella quale guerra si acquisto credito massimamente havendo combattuto a corpo a corpo con uno illustre tartaro et occisolo e similm-ente un cavaliere persiano. Onde Amurate soleve publicamente dire come egli era il suo braccio, l\occhio suo destro e singul-arissimo difensore del suo stato.

Venuto intanto il padre suo Giovanni a morte, l\armi turchesche occuparono quel regno; da che piangendo Scanderbeg fu da Amurate consolato con darli speranza di presto investirne la persona sua. Ma non ne facendo poi altro, anzi havendo fatto morire de veleno gl\altri suoi fratelli, egli con astuzia e lettere contrafatte itonese in Albania s\impatroni di alcune principali fortezze; poscia, congregati i popoli detta provincia e di Macedonia tutta, fu da loro riconosciuto per legitimo principe e gridato re, onde, fatti tagliare a pezzi quanti Turchi che non vollono batt-ezzare, hebbe poi gloriose vittorie contra di Amurate e di Maumetto suo figliuolo. Vinse sette basciÃ, andÃ² condottiere della milizia albanese in aiuto del re di Napoli Fernando molestato dagli Angioini, e col voler suo rompendo le genti franzese salvÃ² quel reame.

Dopo havendo Maometo espugnato lo impero di Trebisonda e quello di Constantinopoli, tentÃ² di espugnare Croia, ma difendendola Giorgio Scanderbeg ruiscÃ¬ ogni suo sforzo vano.

Fu poscia da Pio secondo chiamato in Italia per farlo capitano generale nella impresa che sua Beatitudine meditava contra il Turcho. Ma interponendosi la morte di detto Pontefice non segui altro.

Ritornossene per tanto in Albania e mentre che in Alessio, sul fiume Drino, consultava col proveditore veneto intorno alle cose della guerra, sopragionto da una contagiosa febre se ne passÃ² a miglior vita l\anno di Nostro Signore mille quattrocento sessanta sette, di sua etÃ sessantratre, havendo prima raccomandato Giovanni suo figliuolo ancora giovanetto con tutto lo stato suo alla illustrissima signoria di Venetia.

Trattene Scanderbeg seco con pietÃ e liberalitÃ  grandissima sempre mai una scelta di soldati veterani con i quali egli soleva dire che si acquistavano le vittorie piÃ¹ agevolmente che con la moltitudine di soldati nuovi. Non voltÃ² egli mai le spalle a nimici suoi, ma sempre coraggiosa-mente combattÃ©. Non fu mai da loro ferito, se non una volta leggiermente con una frescia, cotanto era egli avventurato e benne armato. CosÃ¬ bene in tutta la vita e persona sua era dispo-sto di tanta allegrezza negl\occhi e di cosÃ¬ animonsa eloquenza che, compariva in publico armato, di maniera infiammava gli animi de soldati che non solamente divenivano valorosi nel combattere, ma anco ferocissimi disprezzatori degli inimici. Fu sempre de primi a entrare nelle bataglie e degli ultimi a ritrarsene. Conosceva tutti gl\ufficiali suoi per proprio nome, cosÃ¬ buona memoria teneva.

AmmazÃ² di sua mano in diverse bataglie piÃ¹ di due mila Turchi adoperando una sua scimatarra con la quale in un colpo solo partiva un toro per mezzo. Intendendo Maometo II di detta spada, la mando a chiedere e l\ottenne da esso Giorgio; e attene fare la prova alla presenza sua da un tartaro da lui stimato gagliardissimo, ma invano, ne gli rimandÃ² et intese come la vera scimatarra ma non il braccio suo che l\adoperava mandato gl\havea. Onde non parendo a Maometo di privare un tanto capitano di cosÃ¬ nobil\ arme, con alcuni presenti ne gli fe\ riportare, dopo la seconda volta mandatagli.

Fu pianta la morte di questo gran cavalliere non solamente dalla Grecia tutta, ma ettiamdio da tutti i principi di Europa et anche dagli i stessi Turchi, i quali, dopo la morte di lui, insignoritisi di tutta l\Albania e ritrovato nella chiesa di san NicolÃ², cattedrale di Alessio cittÃ, il corpo suo, divotamente lo riverirono. E seguendo la loro superstizione cavando le felici ossa del sepolcro religiosamente le saccheggiarono, credendo ciascuno di rimanere nelle bataglie sicuro, havendo sopra di se legata una minima particella di osso di cosi invitto capitano.


 * Christine “von” Kohl, Albanien
 * [url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/49463125/Albanci-od-srednjeg-veka-do-danas-Peter-Bartl|Albanci-od-srednjeg-veka-do-danas Peter-Bartl]
 * The Balkans since 1453 By Leften Stavros Stavrianos, Traian Stoianovich
 * 1995- Албанци Од Среднјег Века До Данас- Петер Бартл
 * this source explains that at the end of 19th century Albanians wanted to establsh protectorate of Austria, Italy or Great Britain.
 * “Skenderbeg je Srbin”
 * Spisak raznih vladara pojedinih delova Albanije forum, ali...
 * Osmanlije su u južnoj Albaniji ustanovile sandžak i do 1431 je u njemu bila čitava teritorija južne Albanije sa Đirokastrom kao njegovim glavnim gradom. Planinski deo severne Albanije je bio pod suverenitetom Sultana ali je posedovao određenu autonomiju i ostao u rukama vođa tamošnjih plemena
 * Interesting text on German, from 19th century
 * Source on Turkish language about Ottoman Prizren and Albanians of the region
 * All texts of Lord Byrone
 * The Dublin university magazine, Volume 57 - tekst o skenderbegu iz 1861
 * Bektashi and Skanderbeg myth
 * Albania never existed in the past as state subjected to the authority of one single nation, N. Jorga. N. Iorga, Brève…, p. 1-2, : « Et cependant, lorsqu’on veut fixer les frontières de l’Albanie historique, on se bute, en dehors de la difficulté provoquée par les migrations et la rivalité envahissante des races sur le même territoire, au fait que cette Albanie qu’il s’agit depuis quelque temps de reconstruire, n’a jamais existé dans le passé comme État unique, soumis à une seule et même autorité nationale.«
 * Beyond Eurocentrism: a new view of modern world history By Peter Gran
 * Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa By Schmitt Oliver Jens (Hg.)
 * Review of the Schmitts book about Skanderbeg by Momčilo Spremić, member of SANU
 * schmitt text*
 * Promotion of Schmitt's book in Tirana, newspapers article
 * Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung By Eva Anne Frantz
 * Writing and Rewriting History in the Context of Balkan Nationalisms PANAYOTE ELIAS DIMITRAS  Greek Helsinki Monitor & Minority Rights Group - Greece
 * Skanderbeg vs Marko Kraljevic
 * "In this topical book, Paulin Kola challenges the accepted notion that there is widespread support for a "Greater Albania" among the Albanian speaking peoples of the Balkans, and argues that Albanians do not wish to join a single, politically recognized entity.
 * - Very good text about history of Albania
 * Fatos Lubonja writes on how the creation of national myths and memories over the centuries has provided the seedbed for the conflicts in the Balkans, but that such memories can also show the way to an open society and provide hope for the future. - and again "Fatos Lubonja writes on how the creation of national myths and memories over the centuries has provided the seedbed for the conflicts in the Balkans, but that such memories can also show the way to an open society and provide hope for the future."
 * Here is explained on pages 54-55 how E Hoxha misused the fact that Skanderbeg was all Orthodox, Muslim and Catholic.
 * Between Occident and Islam, by Olsi Jazexhi - a source that shows what muslims in Albania think about using of Skanderbeg's myth to support the claims of his role as defender of the Christianity. Also, “In modern-day Albania the revived clash between Orthodoxy and Catholicism is trying to identify, propagate and privatize Skanderbeg as a saint of their respective traditions. By making him Catholic or Orthodox, they aim to build and legitimize their reconquista strategy over the heads of impoverished and helpless Muslim Albania.” - WOW!
 * "The famous Albanian Bektashi muhib,[36] Naim Frashëri, presented Skanderbeg as a national savior to the Albanians. Naim’s Skanderbeg is a national freedom fighter, who fights the conquering Ottomans and at the same time is willing to defend Albania from the Christian crusades and intrigues of Europe. In the Naimian mind, Skanderbeg was a defender of Albanianism. Naim Frashëri’s poem Skënderbeu, portrays the man not as a beloved son of the pope or a Serbian bastard or a Marxist hero. Skanderbeg is the eagle of victory, nationalism and hope. Skanderbeg to the Shi‘i-minded Naim Frashëri is the incarnated Albanian version of Imam Husain who fights against the evil Yazid (in our case Turks) on the Albanian holy battlefield of Karbala that, in our case, is the town of Krujë."
 * "Skanderbeg to both Sunni  and Bektashi Muslims is perceived to be a hero of mëmëdheu (motherland) and not of the European Christendom or Christianity."
 * "Sami Frashëri, Naim’s brother and the father of Albanian nationalism, described Skanderbeg as a victim of conspiracies and intrigues by pope and the Christian Kings of Europe who pushed him to war with the Ottomans and then abandoning him.[40] To Sami Frashëri, Skanderbeg was a brave warrior who embodied the independent spirit of  Albanian man who belongs neither to Orient nor to Occident. With this Skanderbeg in mind 20th century Albanian nationalism constructed its national conscience and identity."
 * "Albanian national heroes such as Ali Pasha Tepelena, the Bushatli Pashas and others, who constitute major cornerstones of Albanian identity during the collapse of the Ottoman State in the Balkans, are often demonized by the European historians because of their high Islamic credentials. They are portrayed as Oriental despots, red pashas, criminals, sensual, cruel, whimsical, illogical[41] and butchers. When the above mentioned Albanians are found to crush bandits, such as the ‘good Christian Montenegrins’, ‘heroic Suliot bandits’ and so on, they are humiliated in history as bloodthirsty satraps[42] of the infidel Orient. They cannot be accepted to be members of the civilized world. They are seen as enemies of humanity. The only goodness in them, according to the Occidental historiography, is to be found only when the latter are to fight against the Turks. If the above said Albanian Pashas are to be killed from some good Christians, they are to be damned as guilty Orientals. Their place is in purgatory forever. But if their killers or enemies will be some Turks or Albanian Orientals, than they have a very high chance of ending up as some kind of guilty heroes of the civilized Christendom.


 * Other Albanian personalities who fit into the Christendom’s agenda fighting the same enemy, as the Christendom did (the case of Skanderbeg), have to be forcefully baptized. Others are being Albanianized. The real losers in this party are the Albanians, who historically remain a ping-pong ball, at the hands of the wars that Occident and Orient have historically done upon the ancient realms of Albania. These wars are in many cases distorting even the historical truths of Albania." - BRAVO!


 * Milan Shufflay wrote text in 1904, published in Vienna, about how Albanians mixed with Slavic population fled to Italy in 15th century.
 * Text about Slavic population of medieval Albania
 * A military history of the Ottomans: from Osman to Atatürk By Mesut Uyar, Edward J. Erickson description of the Ottoman sucess in Albania
 * Mit o Skenderbegu - tekst na nemačkom
 * Die_slavischen_Minderheiten_in_Albanien_(SMA)
 * Olga Zirojevic, Kratka istorija Albanije
 * Notes-on-the-Development-of-the-Theme-of-Scanderbeg
 * Albanski izvoz mitova
 * Albanian_Identities.pdf - Antonina Zhelyazkova
 * Olsijeva arhivirana biografija
 * Doktorska teza na MIT o Albancima
 * Serb as indigenous population in Albania since year 548
 * Povod za prisiljavanje Cemalija da preda vlast medjunarodnoj komisiji - brod Meran - Bibliotheca historica Romaniae: Studies, Issues 61-63
 * The economy of East Central Europe 1815-1989: stages of transformation in a ... By David Turnock
 * grbovi i znamenja kneževine Albanije
 * Robert Elsie - In July 1913, the newly recognized principality of Albania needed not only a sovereign, but also fixed borders, a government and - what was of no small
 * Bogumil Hrabak, Bogumil Hrabak ORIJENTACIJA KOSOVSKIH I DEBARSKIH ALBANACA U PRVIM MESECIMA 1912. GODINE
 * Prof. Dr. Uran Asllani - Korce
 * same, archived version
 * text o Korci i Temistoklu na albanskom i veoma dobar
 * isto to samo arihivirano
 * Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d'une nation ... By Nathalie Clayer
 * dobar sajt o istoriji Korce
 * Interesantan lnk o marici iz Crne Gore
 * Ovde se kaže da Temistokle nije bio uopšte na čelu civilne uprave u Korči, već vođa žandarmerije
 * Enciklopedija islama napisana u Indiji. U njoj se ističe da OE nije pristalo na objedinjavanje 4 vilajeta i da londonski mirovni sporazum predvidja autnonomnu albaniju u OE, a da je u septembru ova ideja napuštena
 * Worldstatesmen web site
 * Stare albanske fotografije
 * “‘That historyless man, George Castriot’: The Scanderbeg Legend in English Literature”. The Living Skanderbeg: Between Myth and History, edited by Monica Genesin, Joachim Matzinger & Giancarlo Vallone, 1-18. Hamburg: Kovac, 2010. Pronađi ovu knjigu koju je napisala Monica
 * Simpozijum o Skenderbegu, mitovi i reinterpretacije
 * The captain of the janizaries, a story of the times of Scanderbeg
 * MITI E CULTURA ARBËRESHË a cura di Gianfranco Romagnoli
 * Skenderbeg deo kuča
 * MusaAhmeti JEDAN NEDOVOLJNO POZNATI RUKOPIS L KUKULJEVIĆA SAKCINSKOG O SKENDERBEGU
 * Mitološki aspekti spomenika Skenderbegu
 * The papacy and the Levant: 1204 - 1571. The sixteenth century to ..., Kenneth M. Setton, American Philosophical Society
 * Poetry about Skanderbeg?
 * Kaplan Burović o Skenderbegu
 * Interesantan tekst na jednom forumu
 * Interesantan forum o Makedoncima, Grcima i Albancima
 * Interesantan tekst na jednom blogu
 * Gijom Apoliner govori o tome kako je Faik Konica "otkrio" skenderbegovog dvoglavog orla
 * History of the Macedonian People from Ancient times to the Present Part 19 – Ottoman Rule in Macedonia
 * The Albanians: an ethnic history from prehistoric times to the present By Edwin E. Jacques
 * The Albanians: An Ethnic History from Prehistoric Times to the Present - Jacques Edwin
 * Interesting chronology of Albanian road to independence
 * Program Centralnog komiteta za zaštitu prava Albanaca
 * Interesting website with interesting informations about myths in history of Albania
 * Osmanlı Sonrası Arnavutluk, Avlonyalı Süreyya Bey Albania After the Ottomans: Süreyya Bey of Vlore, Istanbul: Klasik, 2009.
 * Ottoman-Albanians-and-Imperial-Rivalry-in-the-Balkans
 * Abas Ermenji, VENDI QË ZË SKËNDERBEU NË HISTORINË E SHQIPERISË
 * list of the Albanian nationalistic organisations
 * Albanian revolt 1912, sjajan tekst
 * Holandski istoricar o ciljevima IQ
 * Scanderbeide: the heroic deeds of George Scanderberg, King of Epirus By Margherita Sarrocchi, Rinaldina Russell
 * Odluka o konstituisanju Albanije
 * Power point prezentacija na bugarskom u kojoj se nalazi informacija o Albanskom islamskom emiratu
 * Power point prezentacija na bugarskom u kojoj se nalazi informacija o Albanskom islamskom emiratu



Hi Anti. I didn't know where to stick some info that you requested or that you may find useful.

- On Epirus-turned-Albania: If you read the Barleti's book on Skanderbeg (it's online), even if you don't understand much latin, you will see the term "Epirus" very frequently. For example, in the first pages regarding the origins of the Castrioti family: "Per id tempus (...) in Epiro inter caeteros regulos, principe [?] fatis nobile nomen Ioanis Castrioti, ... ... auctores gentis Castriote ex Aemathia nobili ortu ... in Epiro, eos omnes ... ". Of course the title of the book speaks about Epirotes, not Albanians, and Barleti is supposed to be Albanian (although he didn't say so). In some pages you will find the explanation "Epirus seu Albania" ("Epirus, in other words Albania"). Then take the early translations of this book, e.g. Paganel, and you will find "Epirus" translated to "Albania". This is understantable, as "Epirus" is a foreign (Greek) word for the western languages readers, while the Latin "Albania" was more familiar to them. Respectively, the Epirotes (of any nationality/language/religion) became "Albanians", of course not in the sense of ethnicity. (I will continue soon. Blancus lists several medieval texts where Castrioti is officially evoced either as "Epirote" or "Albanese" by people of his time).

- On the relations between Albanians and Serbs, add to your bibliography this: Sima Cirkovic, Tradition Interchanged: Albanians in the Serbian, Serbians in the Albanian late medieval texts. An essay published in "The Mediaeval Albanians", symposium organized by the National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 1998.

See you around.--Euzen (talk) 11:46, 12 February 2011 (UTC)