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The term public criminology was first coined by Christopher Uggen and Michelle Inderbitzin and derived from Michael Buraway advocacy for public sociology at his 2004 presidential address to the American Sociological Association and his 2009 presidential address to the American Society of Criminology. Uggen and Inderbitzin suggested that a “ public criminology” would place greater emphasis on academic that delved in civic matters, policy, and political debates about crime, criminal law, and criminal justice.

Public criminology, in many ways can be credited to Clifford R. Shaw, an exemplary scholar, who was persistent in his efforts to improve the circumstances of both communities and individuals in Chicago. In the 1920s, Shaw studied the relationship between neighborhoods of Chicago and crime. During his work, he formulated the social disorganization theory and mapped patterns of ethnic succession in these neighborhoods. In his work he involved the residents of the communities that had high crime rates and delinquency to learn from them and communicate his research findings. As time progressed, Shaw founded the Chicago Area Project which was geared to reduce conditions that resulted in high delinquency.

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s,the emergence of public criminology saw various forms of public criminology being adapted and practiced by American public and policy criminologist Lloyd Ohlin and other scholars. Ohlin and other American Criminologist were engaged in the Great Society project as advisors to John F. Kennedy and others.