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This is a list of cities, towns and villages that had Armenian-majority populations in the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), the Soviet Shahumyan and Getashen districts which took part in the Artsakh declaration of independence, as well as other districts in Azerbaijan, before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

During Soviet times Nagorno-Karabakh was administered as the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) in the Azerbaijan SSR. After the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the region has been controlled by the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh. After the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has gained control over the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh except for the Lachin corridor, as well as some parts of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. Russian peacekeepers are now present in the area and the status quo remains with regard to the status of the rest of the former NKAO region per the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.

In Artsakh, a city/town (Քաղաք) is not defined by the size of its population. The municipalities in Artsakh are divided into 2 categories: urban communities and rural communities. According to the 2015 Artsakh statistics, there were 13 urban communities and 322 rural communities in Artsakh.

A census detailing the population of all urban and rural communities was held in Artsakh in 2005.

Controlled by Artsakh
This is a list of urban and rural communities which had Armenian-majority populations in 1989, and are controlled by the Republic of Artsakh since the end of 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

Controlled by Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire map.svg {{legend|#B0EBA1|Azerbaijan outside of the conflict zone}} {{legend|#FFB380|Armenia}} {{legend|#37C871|Areas captured by Azerbaijan, to stay under its control}} {{legend|#AFE9DD|Agdam District: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 20 November}} {{legend|#87DECD|Kalbajar District: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 25 November}} {{legend|#D7F4EE|Lachin District: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 1 December}} {{legend|#FFCCAA|Part of Nagorno-Karabakh with no scheduled cession to Azerbaijan}} {{legend|#BA8895|Lachin corridor, monitored by Russian peacekeepers}}

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This is a list of urban and rural communities of the Republic of Artsakh which were part of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), had Armenian-majority populations in 1989, and have been controlled by Azerbaijan since the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

Urban communities (former NKAO)
The following list details urban communities of Artsakh controlled by Azerbaijan since the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

Outside the former NKAO
The following list details localities in the Soviet Shahumyan district and Getashen subdistrict as well as other districts in Azerbaijan which had Armenian-majority populations before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Shahumyan District and Getashen Subdistrict
The following list details localities in the Soviet Shahumyan district and Getashen subdistrict, which had Armenian-majority populations in 1989, and that are controlled by Azerbaijan since the First Nagorno-Karabakh war and Operation Ring. Armenians constituted 73.2% of the population of the Shahumyan district in 1979, and the majority of the villages within the Shahumyan district and the Getashen subdistrict had an Armenian majority prior to the First Nagorno-Karabakh war and Operation Ring. The Shahumyan district and Getashen subdistrict are claimed by the Republic of Artsakh as part of the Shahumyan Province.

Approximately 17,000 Armenians living in the Shahumyan and Getashen districts were deported out of the region in 1991 during Operation Ring.