User:Aollongren/Sandbox

Astrolinguistics is the science concerned with the development and application of cosmic languages for interstellar communication between intelligent species in the universe. Included are discussions on the matter of what 'common ground', a body of knowledge assumed to be universal, can be chosen and what representations to use. Research in this area is usually carried out in a linguistic setting because the semantics of the common ground need to be explained in some way, e.g. by examples formulated in some language. The first generation language of this kind developed for this purpose was Lincos, described in a monograph, see "Lincos (language)", written by the well-known prominent Dutch mathematician Dr. Hans Freudenthal († 1990) of Utrecht university in The Netherlands, see "Hans Freudenthal". A body of basic mathematics was chosen as 'common ground'. The setup chosen for that book, published in 1960, is described in the interesting article ''Were it Perfect, Would it Work Better? Survey of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse'', .	Since then a new, second generation Lingua Cosmica has in recent years been developed by the Dutch-Swedish astronomer and mathematician Dr. Alexander Ollongren of Leiden University, also in The Netherlands. The new Lincos, designed as a system for communication, is based on two premises. To begin with: messages meant for contact with extra-terrestrial intelligent societies should essentially be multi-level - they could for example consist in part of a (large) text in some natural language supplemented with annotations at a deeper level. The second premise is: annotations including deductions and inductions are formalized in logic. In this manner the logic contents of messages formulated in new Lincos, are embedded in an abstract descriptional framework. The framework, the logical universe of discourse, contains an environment as well, comparable with a set of declarations in computer programming, see "Data structure". As common ground logic is chosen. By taking the approach outlined the conceptual problem of designing a language for communication between mutually alien intelligent species in the Universe is given a new perspective. The orientation of the novel Lingua Cosmica (defined in an as yet unpublished monograph dedicated to the memory of Dr. Freudenthal) is multi-disciplinary, concerned as it is with applied logic and universal aspects of linguistics (at the core of astrolinguistics in the sense used here). But also conceptual issues in the field of possible message exchange (communication) between intelligent species or information processing artifacts in the Galaxy are relevant. The modality of the logic employed is constructive, see "Mathematical logic" and the descriptions at. In this way the linguistic system proposed is supplied with a solid foundation. Lincos, under further development, has a signature distinct from those of natural languages. Its expressive power is considerable, at the expense of the length of expressions (logic terms). Some further details are in Astrolinguistics, a Guide for Calling E T.

References
 * Freudenthal, Hans (1960) Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse, Part I, Elsevier’s series Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, North Holland, Amsterdam
 * Ollongren, Alexander (draft 2008) Logic Design of a Linguistic System for Interstellar Communication (as yet unpublished, unvollendet, monograph on new Lincos)
 * Huet, Gérard et al. 2004-2006, The Coq Proof Assistant, A Tutorial, Version 8.x, INRIA, France

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