User:Apeoples7/Shapiro v. Thompson/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Importance to the Welfare Rights Movement
https://msmagazine.com/2021/03/25/welfare-is-a-womens-issue-ms-magazine-spring-1972/

Levenstein, Lisa. A Movement without Marches African American Women and the Politics of Poverty in Postwar Philadelphia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

Williams, Rhonda Y. “‘We’re Tired of Being Treated like Dogs’: Poor Women and Power Politics in Black Baltimore.” The Black scholar 31, no. 3–4 (2001): 31–41.

Theoharis, Jeanne., and Komozi. Woodard. Groundwork : Local Black Freedom Movements in America. New York: New York University, 2005.

Kornbluh, Felicia. The Battle for Welfare Rights : Politics and Poverty in Modern America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Nadasen, Premilla. Welfare Warriors : The Welfare Rights Movement in the United States. New York: Routledge, 2005.

McCammon, Holly J., Verta A. Taylor, Jo Reger, and Rachel L. Einwohner, eds. The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Women’s Social Movement Activism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Naomi Streshinsky “Welfare Rights Organizations” pp.102, 184

Mink, Gwendolyn, and Rickie Solinger, eds. Welfare : A Documentary History of U.S. Policy and Politics. New York: New York University Press, 2003.

Case facts and information
Thompson v. Shapiro, 270 F. Supp. 331 (D. Conn. 1967) - District Court for the District of Connecticut
 * Made the First opinion about Shapiro v. Thompson at the State Level, before SCOTUS.

United States Code, Title 42 Public Health and Welfare, Chapter 7 Social Security, Subchapter IV Grants to States for Aid and Services to Needy Families, Section §602 Eligible States, State Plane, 42 U.S.C 602


 * Is the provision in 1967 that the District Court for the District of Connecticut found be be unconstitutional in its allowance for states to make residency requirements for Welfare benefits. It does not exist anymore..

Connecticut, Welfare Manual, c. II, §§ 219.1-219.2, (1966). https://casetext.com/case/shapiro-v-thompson-washington-v-legrant-reynolds-v-smith-34#a440f564-f0fd-4159-a31b-d864ca78c7e9-fn2


 * States that Conn used 42 U.S.C 602 to discourage people to move to the state for welfare or other benefits which District Court for the District of Connecticut found to be unconstitutional.

https://casetext.com/case/shapiro-v-thompson-washington-v-legrant-reynolds-v-smith-34#a440f564-f0fd-4159-a31b-d864ca78c7e9-fn2


 * Shapiro v. Thompson District Court for the District of Connecticut Brief and information

Social Security Act, 49 Stat. 627 (1935), as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 602(b) (1959), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/602


 * The Federal Provision that allowed for

NYT Articles
Wright “Courts have failed the Poor” p.110 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/03/09/90061728.html?pageNumber=347

Krislov “OEO Lawyers Fail” p.222-23 NYT

“Justices to weigh Curb on Welfare” New York Times Jan 16 1968 https://www.nytimes.com/1968/01/16/archives/justices-to-weigh-curb-on-welfare-to-study-years-residency-required.html

Rogin, “Now its Welfare Lib” pp.73 https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/27/archives/now-its-welfare-lib-now-its-welfare-lib-welfare-has-come-to-be.html

“High Court Backs a Family Ceiling for Welfare Aid” New York Times April 7, 1970

Legal Arguements
Freedman, Henry (2006), "Syvester Smith, Unlikely Herione: King v. Smith (1968)", in Rosser, Ezra; Failinger, Marie (eds.), The Poverty Law Canon: Exploring the Major Cases, University of Michigan Press, p. 54

Charles A. Reich “Individual Rights and Social Welfare: The Emerging Legal Issues” Yale Law Journal 74 (June 1965: p.1245-57)

Timothy Sampson “Welfare: A Handbook for a Friend and Foe” p.126, Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press 1972

Mink, Gwendolyn; Majic, Samantha Ann; Zarnow, Leandra (2008), "Poverty Law and Income Support: From the Progressive Era to the War on Welfare", in Grossberg, Michael; Tomlins, Christopher (eds.), The Cambridge History of Law in America, vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, p. 368

Intro
United States Supreme Court, Brennan, William J., Jr. (1968). "U.S. Reports: Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969)". Library of Congress. Call Number: KF101 Series: Constitutional Law Series: Volume 394 (Periodical).


 * This is the Holding of the Supreme Court Case

West, Guida (1981). The National Welfare Rights Movement : The Social Protest of Poor Women. New York, N.Y: Praeger. pp. p328-345.


 * Give context, information, about the activism of low income black women from 1965 to 1975 across the United States. There is also a focus in some of the chapters on welfare and also welfare cases.

Facts of the Case
"Thompson v. Shapiro 270 F. Supp. 331 (1967) District of Connecticut Court of Appels Holding". CaseLink. Jun 19, 1967.


 * The original case, and copy of the Connecticut Court of Appels Holding that I could get a hold of. Unless you are a lawyer in Connecticut this is the best copy!

United States Code, Title 42 Public Health and Welfare, Chapter 7 Social Security, Subchapter IV Grants to States for Aid and Services to Needy Families, Section §602 Eligible States, State Plane, 42 U.S.C 602


 * This is the US Code that allowed the law that was challenged in Connecticut

District Court for the District of Connecticut, Civ. No. 11821
1 Conn. Welfare Manual c. II, §§ 219.1-219.2 (1966). D.C.Code Ann. § 3-23


 * Welfare Manual that is cited by the District of Connecticut Court of Appel

Supreme Court Hearing, 394 U.S. 618, 89 S. Ct. 1322, 22 L.Ed.2d 600 (1969)
McCreery, Laura (2005). "Paul J. Meyer: THE LAW CLERKS OF CHIEF JUSTICE EARL WARREN: PAUL J. MEYER". Regional Oral History Office of the The Bancroft Library (Transcript of Oral Interview) (Oral Interview about Justice Warren and the "Warren Court"). University of California Berkeley: Time Code: 02-00:07:37.


 * This is part of a set of Oral interviews that McCreery did with lawyers who were clerks for Supreme Court Justices. It was referenced in another book, but I was able to find it online! Meyer was Warrens clerk during most of the Warren Court era, so he really knew a lot of information about what was going on.

Lawrence, Susan E (1990). The Poor in Court : The Legal Services Program and Supreme Court Decision Making. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p.48-50


 * Lawrence goes over a number of cases that deal with the Supreme Court and issues of poverty. She talks about Shapiro v. Thompson as a successful case of welfare rights. It is also very recent which is nice, because most information about the case is form information about the time period.

Tushnet, Mark; Tushnet, Mark (1993). "William J. Brennan and the Warren Court". In Robert C. Post (ed.). The Warren Court in Historical and Political Perspective. Charlottesville, NC: University Press of Virginia. pg. 123-136.


 * Mark Tushnet is where the argument that the Warren Court was actually the Brennan Court. Which is referenced in the Lampo article. He dives into their relationship and major cases that were decided by the court. Shapiro v. Thompson was very briefly talked about, but the points work out for the article. And I hope that someone is able to find this document if they read through this article.

Lampo, Jordan (2023). "The Last Days of the Warren Court: How Justice Brennan Orchestrated Shapiro v. Thompson (1969)". Journal of Supreme Court history. 48 (1): &#x2013; via Johns Hopkins University Press.


 * This article just came out this last year, and I was told about it by my legal research professor because she went to Johns Hopkins University and gets information about stuff all the time. It was actually really hard to find when I did not have the authors name. But I am so happy that it does exist, but the internal court memo's and information is NOT online, Lampo physically went through every document and put it in date order. Which I could never do, they are in Washington D.C. completely out of reach for people like me. I cite this article a lot because it has the most up to date information, and has information that is not available anywhere else. It is published in a legal journal and went through many rounds of review. It heavily as stated relies on primary sources that I simply do not have access to.

"EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL SALARIES REPORT". Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room (CREST). CIA-RDP75B00380R000500130001-6. General CIA Records. December 9, 2016 [June 29, 1973]. p. 1-11.


 * I got this through another source when looking to confirm the salary issue that Lampo reported about. It talks about voting and votes of congress when they were deciding about raising federal judges salaries. It is a primary source.

"Judicial Salaries Since 1968". United States Courts. Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. 02/27/2024.


 * I got this through another source when looking to confirm the salary issue that Lampo reported about. It gives data information about Salaries back into the 1800s.

"Warren Says He Wrote Johnson on Retirement". Published Article Archive 1851-1980. The New York Times Archive. June 26, 1968. p. 26.


 * I can not say enough how much I love the NTY for their Archive and scans of all of their newspapers! Again, I found this when looking to confirm information about Lampo reported about. I wanted more then just Lampo's word for some of these issues, so for things I could get information about I did. It is a primary source.

Hunters, Marjorie (July 3, 1968). "Senator Griffin Cites 'Pressure' in Court Dispute: G.O.P. Opponent of Nominees Says Business Is Behand a Campaign of Phone Calls". The New York Times Archive. p. 14.


 * Again, I found this when looking to confirm information about Lampo reported about. I wanted more then just Lampo's word for some of these issues, so for things I could get information about I did. It is a primary source.

Grahams, Fred P. (October 11, 1968). "JOHNSON DECLINES TO NAME 2D MAN FOR CHIEF JUSTICE Citing Current 'Prejudice,' He Asks Warren to Stay Until 'Reason' Prevails President Declines to Choose New Nominee for Chief Justice". The New York Times Archive. p. 20.


 * Again, I found this when looking to confirm information about Lampo reported about. I wanted more then just Lampo's word for some of these issues, so for things I could get information about I did. It is a primary source.

Mink, Gwendolyn (2003). "Chapter 77: Thompson v. Shapiro". In Solinger, Rickie (ed.). Welfare : A Documentary History of U.S. Policy and Politics. New York: New York University Press. pp. 323–326.


 * Mink is a well know legal historian and expert about Welfare issues. I have seen their name pop up in a lot of places. When I came across this book I was really excited it had a chapter on Thompson v. Shapiro. It was helpful to understand the case when I read it and confirmed some of the statements that Lampo made.

Kihss, Peter (Oct. 14, 1968). "South's Relief Aid Sends Many North". The New York Times Archive. p. 28.

Gilman, Mary Louise. “[Editorials], "Judicial Salary Freeze Deepens".” American Bar Association Journal 60, no. 5 (1974): 597–598. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25726747.
 * Cox cited this NYT article for data and information about Welfare Numbers and was very important to why Justice Stewart changed his vote.


 * This Editorial confirms some issues going on about Salaries and the push by Federal Justices to have congress increase their salaries. It is from the period and reflects on the past issues that had been happening around the period that Lampo suggests. Is a primary source from the period.

Legacy and Legal Significance
States of Dependency: Welfare Rights and American Governance, 1935–1972 by Karen Tani (review), Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Volume 48, Number 1, Summer 2017. pp. 107-109


 * This is a Journal article, from not that long ago. This talks about Welfare test cases and how it was thought up by Edward Sparer. It gives a lot of background information about Sparer and his work.

Davis, Martha F. (1993). Brutal Need: Lawyers and the Welfare Rights Movement, 1960-1973. Yale University Press.


 * This book has a section of Edward Sparer, and talks about how he pushed his ideas to effect policy such as Shapiro v. Thompson.

Davis, M. F. (1999). "The Evolving Right to Travel: Saenz v. Roe". Publius: The Journal of Federalism. 29 (2): 95–110. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a030028


 * This book in this section connects Shapiro v. Thompson to the "Travelers Cases", these cases like Saenz v. Roe, and Guest that stop states from restricting travel. But all of the "Traveler Cases" were argued on the basis of the right to travel but effected other issues. Like Welfare or Civil Rights in the case of Guest.

Outline of proposed changes
It is hard to explain, but lawyers remember Thompson v. Shapiro but history does not. There are so many throw away references to this case out and about in the word. But it is referenced but the author seemly does not know the name of the case or in anyway states it. Which is why my research in the beginning was really hard. But once I got some good sources - the ball of rolling and I feel like I found some really good sources because for a while I was worried.

I am first working on taking out and re-editing the sections that were previously plagiarized. After that I am adding more case information that is important to the case that is not currently there. Information about who Vivian was and why she is key to this cases are missing and should be included, the case is about her! Information about Appellant and Appellees, and supporting organizations. Shapiro v. Thompson was one of three welfare cases heard in 1968 (No.9, No.33 & No. 34), which should all be linked and cited into the article. Its influences on other cases, State & Federal welfare programs are really understated. Women's role in welfare rights movements are not mentioned but are important to why this cases on so influence at the time. It is cited in a lot of other cases later on that need to be cited, along with citations for cases that were cited by the Appellant and Appellees.