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effluent-characteristics-pollution/The characteristics of industrial effluent vary according to industries but domestic effluent is not, it always has same characteristics so it would be foolish to compare between two.

The pollutants of domestic effluent are always same; it contains human waste, kitchen waste, laundry detergents etc., so the pollution standards are not too high but I want to add one thing that definitely the pollution load in terms of pollutants is less but the pollution hazard is more because of its huge quantity.

Domestic Effluent Characteristics:

Temperature : In practical the temperature of the raw sewage is in between 15 to 350C but it varies as per the weather conditions.

pH : Fresh sewage do have neutral pH ( 5.5-8.0). It may reduced after few hours due to the decomposition of organic matter by natural microbes.. If there is fluctuations in pH then it means some industrial effluent is coming in sewage.

Color and Odour: Fresh sewage looks like soapy and cloudy. It becomes gray & black after few hours of retention. Old sewage has a pungent smell of H2S gas.

Solids: Sewage contains grit, slit, sand and other settable solids. The quantity of biodegradable solids content is less than 0.5 % of total.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus: The main nitrogen source in sewage are proteins, amines, amino acids, and urea. these compound forms ammonical nitrogen after bio-degradation.The nitrogen content in sewage is observed in a range between 20 to 50 mg/L. Phosphorus containing foods waste are the source of phosphorus for sewage. The synthetic detergents are also a very good source of phosphorus. The concentration of PO4 in raw sewage may in the range of 5 to 10 mg/L.

Chlorides: The chlorides concentration in sewage is always more than the chloride concentration of water used in houses. Chlorides are the most stable compound in water it generally combines with sodium & potassium, magnesium and calcium.

Organic Material: Sewage mainly contains 99% of water & leftover are organic & inorganic substances which are in suspension, colloidal & in dissolved form. Carbohydrates, lignin, fats, soaps, synthetic detergents, proteins and their decomposition products are the main organic substances present in sewage. We can measure the organic material of sewage by BOD & TOC tests. The pollution strength of sewage is mentioned in table. The parameters are not exact; it will vary according to cities.

Industrial Effluent Characteristics:  

Industrial effluent characteristics are not same it varies according to industry. It contains organic, inorganic, heavy metals, colour and oil & grease. The organic & inorganic substances found in suspended & dissolved form. The pollution strength of few important industries are as in table: I have tried to give exact data, but the pollution load is not always same, fluctuation are always there: