User:Aralbai.Janar/Milyukov, Alexander Petrovich

Alexander Petrovich Milyukov (July 30 [August 11], 1816, Kozlov, Tambov province — February 6 [18], 1897, St. Petersburg) was a Russian writer, literary critic, journalist, chief ideologist and actual head of the magazine "Svetoch", memoirist. Teacher, historian of literature, a traveller, a bibliographer, Professor. A friend of M. M. Dostoevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky, who took an active part in the literary life of Russia in the 1840s-1880s; a prototype of S. V. Liputin, the character of the novel "Demons". Petrasevic fourierist adjacent to the moderate wing of the movement (S. F. Durov, A. N. Pleshcheyev). Numerous works by Milyukov are distinguished by their independence, depth and persuasiveness of argumentation, have many valuable observations and have stood the test of time.

The Russian poetry history Essay, the largest critical work, was published in three editions in the middle of the 19th century and served as a textbook on the course of Russian criticism for students of philological faculties for half a century.

Biography
Alexander Milyukov was the son of a Moscow Philistine. When Sasha entered the gymnasium Milyukov's father had to buy his son out of the bourgeois society, at the same time paying an amount exceeding his annual income. Alexander entered the Moscow gymnasium, after which, in 1839, he entered the philological faculty of St. Petersburg University. Sholarship is dedicated to the memories Milyukov "In Moscow 1820-1830 years." In them he wrote about the poetic preferences of Moscow high school students: "At that time, except for Pushkin, we were particularly popular Ryleev and Polezhaev. A rare schoolboy did not have a notebook with handwritten "Thoughts" and small poems of the last poet. Although these works, like the names of their authors, were forbidden fruits at that time, we often read them in classes." Ordinary high school students showed an outstanding interest in literature, writing in the club literary magazines and buying the best novelties of book publishing. Each student made a monthly feasible amount in the total cash for the purchase of books, after which students decided what to spend money on, then read books were played by high school students in the lottery, and the collection from the lottery came to purchase new books. Gradually, the books settled in the home libraries of students, depending on their reader's preferences.

After receiving University education, Alexander worked as a teacher of Russian language and literature in gymnasiums and institutes of St. Petersburg. Pedagogical activity of A. P. Milyukov lasted 35 years. In particular, the materials of the investigation of the case petrashevists States that "in 1849, he taught Russian literature in the 2nd St. Petersburg gymnasium, and in an Institute until June — a Noble regiment".

Milyukov began to publish in 1839 in the "Northern bee" of faddeus Bulgarin (under the pseudonym "Siberian"), but the real literary fame came to Alexander Petrovich only after thirty years, in 1847, when he released his first serious work "Essay on the history of Russian poetry", written under the influence of the ideas of V. G. Belinsky. This book for half a century served as a guide to Russian literature for students of Philology. In 1858, N. responded to the second edition of "Essay". Ah. Dobrolyubov, who wrote an article "On the degree of participation of the nation in the development of Russian literature," and all Dobrolyubov responded with reviews of five major works of Milyukov. "Essay" brought the Ministry of the glory of connoisseur of Russian literature, with an outstanding critical flair, an independent opinion in case of rating of authors and correct understanding of the tasks of criticism. The third edition of the book took place in 1864.

According to the historian S. N. Shubinskiy, in 1849, A. P. Milyukov almost hit by a court case petrashevists. The circle of people close in spirit to M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky's circle gathered in St. Petersburg on Wednesdays in the yard wing of the house No. 7 on Zhdanovskaya embankment at the apartment of Irinarch Vvedensky, the teacher, the translator and the literary critic. Acquaintance of A. P. Milyukov and I. I. Vvedensky happened in 1843 on trial lecture in a Noble regiment. The acquaintance quickly grew into a close friendship. A common interest that United the two people was a passion for the ideas of V. G. Belinsky. In his lectures on literature Milyukov inspired his pupils "the spirit of freethinking and criticism."

Among going to "the media", except Miliukov, was N. G. Chernyshevsky, A. N. Pypin, P. S. Bilyarsk and G. E. Blagosvetlov. The well-known conservative F. F. Vigel, who knew about what was happening, informed the official of the secret police I. P. Liprandi, and only the intervention of Y. I. Rostovtsev, who favored I. I. Vvedensky, prevented the arrest and further trial, despite the fact that a separate case was opened against A. P. Milyukov, and some petrashevs, for example, F. M. Dostoevsky, testified in the case of A. P. Milyukov. Based on these indications, it was found that Milyukov was engaged in the translation of the book by the French Christian socialist Abbot Lamenne, and also read the article by A. I. Herzen "Petersburg and Moscow". 29 Aug 1849, Alexander Milyukov was questioned by the investigating Commission, but was subsequently recognized little guilty and subjected to the gendarmerie supervision.

A. P. Milyukov was the link between the circle of Petrashevsky circle and a circle of I. I. Vvedensky, which was a community of advanced writers engaged in teaching. Constant communication with the circle of writers brought together Milyukova with Apollon Grigoriev, a Lion May, Alexei Pleshcheevo, Fyodor Dostoevsky. In 1862, together with the St. Petersburg writer and poet Vsevolod Kostomarov, who was soon arrested on charges of manufacturing and distributing anti-government proclamations and demoted to soldiers in his own illegal printing house, he published a book "the History of literature of the ancient and new world". In this regard, the agent reports reported: "the Most vigilant observation was established for the cooperating in the magazine "Time" writer of the company "Contemporary" and "Russian word" AP Milyukov". Denounced by D. V. Kostomarov about proclamations "Barsky peasants" on the flats of A. P. Milyukova and A. N. Pleshcheeva were searched.

Among the literary preferences of Milyukov the greatest preference was the poetic work of A. S. Pushkin, he was a passionate admirer of his poetry and especially loved to recite "Eugene Onegin". As a literary critic Alexander Petrovich took part in the discussions of 1850-1870-ies of the novel by I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov", the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Notes from the Dead house", the novel by N. M. Karamzin "Marfa Posadnitsa", written in 1803, but in the 1860s subjected to versatile criticism in a variety of literary camps, the novel by Leo Tolstoy "War and peace", the novel by A. F. Pisemsky "Troubled sea", Chronicles of the N. S. Leskov "the Cathedral clergy", etc.