User:Archibaldjloch/Saudi Arabia Oil and Resources

Current Oil Production
At its current state the country of Saudi Arabia produces slightly over 11 million barrels of oil per day. The World Factbook www.cia.gov This amount of oil production is vital in global markets as Saudi Arabia exports a reported 8.9 billion barrels/ day. The World Factbook www.cia.gov The difference in production versus shipping accounts for the amount of internal oil use by the nation of Saudi Arabia. A current Saudi investment of over $70 Billion seeks to increase oil production to near 12 million barrels per day by 2009 and up to 12.5 million barrels per day by 2015. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov This may be attributed to the report that 700,000 barrels of excess capacity are needed to compensate for a natural decline in availability. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov

Oil as a Part of Saudi Economy
The International Monetary Fund, reported that in 2005 Oil accounted for 90% of Saudi Arabia’s export earnings, 70-80% of state revenue and 44% of the GDP. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov These figures accurately display the reliance of the Saudi economy on the oil industry. Until 1973 the government of Saudi Arabia was not receiving a share of the oil drilled within its boundaries. In 1973 the Saudi government gained a 25% share of the interest from Aramco. Saudi Aramco History www.saudiaramco.org In 1980 the Saudi government purchased nearly 100% of the Aramco oil business. This purchase gave Saudi government officials complete control over the oil prices and production. By 1988 the oil company was renamed Saudi Aramco, which is its current name. . Saudi Aramco History www.saudiaramco.org Oil has helped to make Saudi Arabia a nation with a GDP of $20,700/person. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov

Projected Reserves
As of January 2007, Saudi Aramco, the national oil company of Saudi Arabia owns 259.9 billion barrels of proven oil reserves. Saudi Aramco History www.saudiaramco.org A part of these reserves is the Ghawar oil field, which is the largest oil field in the world. The Ghawar field is home to over 70 billion barrels of the proven Saudi oil reserve and is able to produce 5 million barrels of oil per day. Saudi Aramco History www.saudiaramco.org

Natural Gas
Often related to the discovery of oil fields is the discovery of natural gas deposits. As a result Saudi Arabia has the fourth largest reserve of Natural Gas in the world. The Saudi natural gas reserve is 240 trillion cu ft and 1/3 of this reserve is found in the Ghawar Oil field. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov  Prior to the Master gas system being developed the oil company was forced to flare(burn) the gas as it came from the oil well. Up until recently the production of Natural Gas has been heavily controlled as it is so closely linked to oil production. However the government of Saudi Arabia and Saudi Aramco were criticized for providing heavily subsidized Natural Gas to its consumers by the World Trade Organization. According to the Energy Information Agency the price was $0.75 MMBtu American dollars. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov

Electricity
The electrical generation needs of Saudi Arabia are projected to hit 60 GW which is equivalent to the energy requirements of South Korea. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov The electricity that is currently generated in Saudi Arabia is 65 % from Natural Gas 27% from steam and 8% from oil. The current generation capacity is some where around 30 Gw. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov This will serve to create an energy shortage in the near future which is why Saudi Arabia is searching for new ways to generate energy.

Water
Water is also becoming a resource issue in Saudi Arabia as its desert climate lacks vital freshwater resources. No current water figures were available but the government of Saudi Arabia has recently spent $50 Billion to meet the nations water needs by the year 2020.

New Energy
The government of Saudi Arabia has recently approved the construction of a $300 million dollar facility that is designed to turn waste into energy. The facility, will combust 180 tons of waster per day, in order to produce 6MW of generating capacity and 250,000 gallons of distilled water. Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs 2007, www.eia.doe.gov

Political Obstacles and Control
In Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco and OPEC set the amounts and prices of Oil. According to OPEC, oil will continue to supply 90% of the worlds commercial energy needs until the year 2030. World Oil Outlook 2007, OPEC, www.opec.org Asia is to account for nearly 60% of the increase in global energy needs, and Saudi Arabia exports 50% of its oil to Asia. World Oil Outlook 2007, OPEC, www.opec.org New business and control over the non renewable energy resource of oil will serve as a global obstacle to energy prices.