User:Arilang1234/Draft/Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World

Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World is a book written by Pamela Kyle Crossley.

The book reveals that the Manchus were not "sinicized," but that they were growing in consciousness of their separate ethnicity in response to changes in their own position and in Chinese attitudes toward them. Pamela Kyle Crossley's treatment of the Suwan Guwalgiya family of Hangzhou is hinged upon Jinliang (1878-1962), who was viewed at various times as a progressive reformer, a promising scholar, a bureaucratic hack, a traitor, and a relic.