User:Arin1/sandbox

Notes for improvement on the page Blackhead disease- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackhead_disease

The page needs to be broken down into sections, as there are currently none on the page.

Intro should include mortality rate, species affected (including those not affected as severely- quail, chickens, ducks)

History -Problem in New England -Heavily impacted US turkey production -Determining causative agent

Pathology -Distinctive lesions on liver and ceca -Signs of the disease are lethargy, yellow watery diarrhea -Mortality rate nears 100% -Prevalence is somewhat rare -Transmission of Histamonas meliagridis by Heterakis gallinarum (roundworms), fecal-oral -Interaction with other parasites, as it can make coccidiosis infections worse

Prevention -Biosecurity measures like keeping turkeys on concrete floors and keeping turkeys away from chickens

Treatment -No treatment

References to be used

McDougald, L., & Hu, J. (2001). Blackhead Disease (Histomonas meleagridis) Aggravated in Broiler Chickens by Concurrent Infection with Cecal Coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella). Avian Diseases, 45(2), 307-312. doi:1. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/stable/1592969 doi:1

McDougald, L. (2005). Invited Minireview: Blackhead Disease (Histomoniasis) in Poultry: A Critical Review. Avian Diseases, 49(4), 462-476. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/stable/4099188

McDougald, L., Abraham, M., & Beckstead, R. (2012). An Outbreak of Blackhead Disease (Histomonas meleagridis) in Farm-Reared Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). Avian Diseases, 56(4), 754-756. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/stable/23322268

Dinev, Ivan DVM, PhD. The Poultry Site: Histomonosis. Retrieved from http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/6/diseases-of-poultry/207/histomonosis/