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=ISBT=

Haldwani Inter State Bus Terminus, also known as Haldwani ISBT is a proposed Inter State Bus Terminus to be built in the city of Haldwani, Uttarakhand. The ISBT would be spread over 8 Acres, and has been termed the 'Largest ISBT in north India' by The Times of India. The foundation stone was laid in 2016. The construction work started in 2014, but was halted in May 2017, when a large number of human skeletons were discovered at the construction site by workers.

Background
Haldwani is the largest city of kumaon division, and is known as the "gateway to kumaon", owing to the fact that it acts as a starting point for several routes into the himalayas. Haldwani being the last major city located in plains is the last city, that is connected by inter-state bus services from other states.

Prior to the building of ISBT, there existed 2 bus stations in the city, The Haldwani Roadways bus Station, and the Haldwani KMOU bus Station. Both of them were located in the heart of the city and movement of interstate buses in that region created chaos, and was seen as a major reason for traffic jams. ALso, both of these were created in the 1970s or 80s, and are surrounded by buildings from all sides, making upgradation/expansion of the station premises almost impossible.

Discovery of Skeletons
40 human skeletons and 300 'grave-like structures' were discovered in Haldwani’s Golapar area on 9 May 2017 during the construction of the Haldwani ISBT. However forensic tests later revealed the Skeletons to be only two year old.

As soon as Skeletons were found, The Construction work was stopped, and Transport minister, Yash[al Arya announced an enquiry over the matter. By December 2017, Finance minister of UTtarakhand, Prakash Pant announced that the ISBT would not be constructed in the Golapar area because the site lies in the flood area of the adjacent Gaula river. This move was opposed by Congress, who claimed it to be "a sinister move to scrap the project." However Chief minister of Uttarakhand, Trivendra Singh Rawat announced that the project would not be scrapped, and the new site would be choosen in Haldwani itself. Opposition leaders also accused the government of shifting this project because it lied in a Muslim Majority area.

Further Development
After the closure of above site, several new areas were taken into consideration. After this move saw serious opposition, this idea was scrapped and several surveys were conducted in order to find a suitabke place.

By may 2018, several reports streamlined the search to three places: abandoned Nova Steel Factory in Kamaluaganja, FTI and near Uttarakhand Open University in Teen Pani. On 13 august 2018, Uttarakhand Government finalised that the haldwani ISBT would be built on a plot of 10 Hectare land near the Uttarakhand Open University, Teen Pani and the roadways workshop situated in the midst of Haldwani city would also be shifted there.

timeline

 * 2008-09 - government approved the proposal of ISBT
 * 2015 - Forest Department transferred required land to Transport Department.
 * 2015-16 - about 2700 green trees were cut over eight hectares of land.
 * October 14, 2016 - cm of Uttarakhand laid the foundation of ISBT construction work
 * October 2016 - construction work started by a private company
 * May 2017 - Some skeletons emerged in excavation at ISBT building site.
 * June 2017 - the state government stalled the construction of ISBT.
 * July-August 2017 - talks about shifting the ISBT to some other place.
 * September 2017 - the Transport Secretary inspected three proposed places.
 * 13 august 2018 - Uttarakhand Government once again finalised the location, now near Uttarakhand Open University in Teen Pani

History
This temple is very important from the point of view of history. Because this temple is in the middle of Garhwal and Kumaon, there used to be war in its nearby areas since ancient times. Similarly, in the war of 1670 Baz Bahadur Chand invaded Badhangarhi in the Pindar valley and to commemorate his victory, he took away the idol of the Goddess Nanda Devi which was established in the Badhangarhi temple and enshrined that in a temple at the old fort of Almora.

Once he invaded both Badhangarh and Lohabagarh of Garhwal and also captured the fort of Junagarh. Thence brought Nandadevi along with all her attendants and installed her in Malla Mahal. Royal maid servants were deputed there for the service.

Towards the end of 17th century, Chand Rajas again attacked the Garhwal kingdom, and in 1688 Udyot Chand erected several temples at Almora, including Tripur Sundari, Udyot Chandeshwer and Parbateshwer, to mark his victory over Garhwal and Doti. The Pabateshwar temple was renamed twice, to become the present Nanda Devi temple.

In 1699 Gyan Chand badly plundered thc region of Badhan. In course of the loot he carried away from there the golden idol of Nandadcvi which was installed in the temple of Nandadevi.

In 1766 Jagat Chand plundered the pcrrgntra of Lohaha and in 1767 the region of Badhan. When he during his plunder failed to find thc gold-idol of Nandadevi, he drew 200 gold mohars from his treasury; got prepared with it the idol of goddess Nanda, and installed it in a temple inside the Malla Mahal.

G.W. Traill, then Commissioner of Kumaon, later shifted to the present site. There is a local tradition related to that incident. It is told that Traill was struck with snow-blindness on his visit to the northern part of the province when he was Assistant Commissioner of Kumaon. He was told that it was due to the curse of the Goddess which could only be cured by building a temple for her. He built the temple and was relieved from the curse of Goddess Nanda Devi. The Pabateshwar temple was renamed twice, to become the present Nanda Devi temple.

Kumaun. Nanda :-The worship of this name of Parvati is preformed both in Kumaun and Garhwal. A high top of Himachal bears the name of Nanda Devi. She is considered to be the form of Parvati or Gauri. It is said that the marriage of Shiva-Parvati was celebrated on Nandashtami. The temples of Nanda are in Almora, in Ranchulakot in Katyur, in Saneti (Nakuri) and in Magar, Malla Danpur. There are others also here and there. A story is also narrated that at the place where presently the courts are, there the temple was located inside the fort. Commissioner, Mr. Trail1 removed it and when he went to ascend (climb) the Nanda Devi mountain he lost his sight and when on coming back to Almora he built the temple of Nanda Devi he regained his sight. Sometimes the eye-sight is impaired by the snows but the people stated it to be the wrath of the goddess. The Chand kings also declare Nanda to be their aunt (sister of father).

Almora - Nanda - Land grants of the time of Raja Udyot Chand. Fair from bright 7th to 9th nights of August & September.

Pargana - Place - Name of Fair - Named afier - assemblage

Baramandal - Almora - Nandashtami - Nanda Devi - 7000

Nanda Devi Fair
Nandashtami- Beginning from the 8th day of the bright half of August-September to the 8th day of the dark half of September-October many devotees do the worship of Lakshmi and observe fast. The worship of Nanda Devi had been continuing in the court of the Chand kings traditionally with great pomp and show. This is one among the tribal festivals of Kumaun. Nanda is the Ran Chandi (Chandi of battle) of Kumaun. The elementary battle incantation here is "Jai to Nanda Devi", "Victory to Her". The sacrifice of the buffaloes and goats is made in Her worship. The worship in Almora is even now made with great splendour and a huge fair is held. The descendants of the Chands do this worship. She is reported to be the family deity of the kings of Kumaun.