User:Arnout97/sandbox

*** WIKIPEDIA PROJECT - POSC 2200 w/ Dr. Martin, Sarah ***[edit]
To Do List

• Note down some concepts that may be further developed on the wiki article Global South

৹ Use of the term section (paragraph 2) could potentially elaborate the contribution of China in African to increase manufacturing and production within the continent rather than improving infrastructure alone

• Research on the topic of the common criteria that defines and categorizes a country as part of the "southern divide"

Global South sub-topics


 * Introduction


 * 1) Introduction has to be more clear/to the point/simplify
 * 2) What is in the article
 * 3) Reference (improve) (remove 2)


 * Term/Background of Global South
 * Discuss the historical background of the term


 * Economics
 * ‘Developing countries’ is another way to describe the Global South and this term is more accurate when it comes to the economy of the Global South. They had a lot of work to do to set up a decent infrastructure and economy after they had gained their independence. They have been relying on investments from foreign countries since the decolonization in the twentieth century. These funds have focussed on improving the infrastructure and industry. However, these investments led to a system in which the states of the Global South got exploited. They sold their raw materials, such as rubber, for a very low price to Western countries. In addition, Western countries used the cheap labour in the Global South for their production.[1] The Western countries benefitted significantly from this system, but it left the Global South undeveloped. This system of exploitation is also know as Neocolonialism. Neocolonialism is a system in which less-developed countries are controlled by developed countries.  It does not necessarily mean that former colonies are still controlled by their former colonizer, but it refers to colonial-like exploitation.[2] Several institutions have been established to put an end to this system of exploitation. One of these institutions is the New International Economic Order. They have a ‘no-strings-attached’ policy that demands developing countries to remain or become self-sufficient. More specifically, they wanted sovereignty over natural resources and industrialisation. They also demanded technology transfer from developed countries to tighten the gap between the developed and developing countries. However, these demands by the NIEO were rejected by the developed country. This rejection led to a prolonging of the neocolonialist system. However, the rise of China might imply the rise of the BRIC countries. There is an increasing cooperation between these four (sometimes five when South-Africa is included) and they are rapidly growing.[3] [1]  [2]   [3]


 * Neocolonialism (?)


 * Politics
 * The Global South only started governing themselves in the second half of the twentieth century.. They were often governed by an imperial European power until decolonization started taking place. In addition, it should be mentioned that the political systems in the Global South are very diverse. Nonetheless, there are characteristics that can be seen in most of the Global South states concerning politics. First of all, the states have been focussing on establishing a democratic government in the past few decades. As previously mentioned, they used to be ruled by European powers and had no government of their own. There was a small, often military, elite in power throughout the first decades after the period of decolonization. This changed in the 1990s when the people got more power in states as India, Brazil and South Africa. However, this process towards a democratic state has often been challenging. One of the barriers they had to deal with, was the corruption and nepotism that was embedded in their system. Another challenge to this process of democratization, is to make the people participate in the democratic system. The inhabitants of the Global South were relatively new to the democratic system and had to be enticed to participate, this is referred to as ‘effective citizenship’. Sociologist Patrick Heller defines it as following: ‘Closing this gap between formal legal rights in the civil and political arena, and the actual capability to meaningfully practice those rights is what I mean by effective citizenship.’


 * Government


 * 1) International cooperation between Global South states
 * 2) Military power
 * 3) * Overall Global South Statistics
 * 4) * Individual states of the Global South (Statistics)


 * Cultural


 * 1) Health
 * 2) Education

Wikipedia Project Draft

In our Wikipedia project, we want to improve the article ‘Global South’:  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_South). We would like to start with improving the introduction. The language used is too difficult and it is not to the point either. In our opinion, the introduction needs to be simplified, so readers with different backgrounds are able to read it. The article should start with a definition of the Global South and after that it should explain what is in the article, so the readers know whether the article is useful for them or not.

The article right now, only provides the reader with information about the term ‘Global South’. This is why we want to add information about the three following subjects: politics, economics and culture. The article will start with giving information about the background of term, like how it is now. In addition, we will brievely discuss the historical background of the Global South. We will also need to make some adjustments, for some of the references are incorrect. After we are done with adding information about the term, we will continue with the political characteristics of the Global South. We will do this by discussing the ideology, international cooperation between Southern States and the military power these states possess. Following the politics of the Global South, we will discuss the economics. Here, our focus will be on both industry and agriculture. The article will also mention neo-colonialism in Africa, do all the states of the Global South have to deal with neo-colonialism?

We have found multiple sources that discuss aspects of the Global South as an entity such as its development and building blocks for its society, economy, environment & resources, planning, design & governance, as well as other elements that contribute to the Global South as a whole.

Throughout the course of this project, the article is intended to be modified within a user’s sandbox. The edited information will be made clear including any information added, modified, and removed with reasons given to each action.

PEER REVIEW
hello Arnold,

my review to your work can be seen in my sand box.

User:Aimua4me/sandbox

thank you.

Politics
The Global South only started governing themselves in the second half of the twentieth century.. They were often governed by an imperial European power until decolonization started taking place. In addition, it should be mentioned that the political systems in the Global South are very diverse. Nonetheless, there are characteristics that can be seen in most of the Global South states concerning politics. First of all, the states have been focussing on establishing a democratic government in the past few decades. As previously mentioned, they used to be ruled by European powers and had no government of their own. There was a small, often military, elite in power throughout the first decades after the period of decolonization. This changed in the 1990s when the people got more power in states as India, Brazil and South Africa. However, this process towards a democratic state has often been challenging. One of the barriers they had to deal with, was the corruption and nepotism that was embedded in their system. Another challenge to this process of democratization, is to make the people participate in the democratic system. The inhabitants of the Global South were relatively new to the democratic system and had to be enticed to participate, this is referred to as ‘effective citizenship’. Sociologist Patrick Heller defines it as following: ‘Closing this gap between formal legal rights in the civil and political arena, and the actual capability to meaningfully practice those rights is what I mean by effective citizenship.’

Neocolonialistic economy
‘Developing countries’ is another way to describe the Global South and this term is more accurate when it comes to the economy of the Global South. They had a lot of work to do to set up a decent infrastructure and economy after they had gained their independence. They have been relying on investments from foreign countries since the decolonization in the twentieth century. These funds have focussed on improving the infrastructure and industry. However, these investments led to a system in which the states of the Global South got exploited. They sold their raw materials, such as rubber, for a very low price to Western countries. In addition, Western countries used the cheap labour in the Global South for their production.[1] The Western countries benefitted significantly from this system, but it left the Global South undeveloped. This system of exploitation is also know as Neocolonialism. Neocolonialism is a system in which less-developed countries are controlled by developed countries. It does not necessarily mean that former colonies are still controlled by their former colonizer, but it refers to colonial-like exploitation.[2] Several institutions have been established to put an end to this system of exploitation. One of these institutions is the New International Economic Order. They have a ‘no-strings-attached’ policy that demands developing countries to remain or become self-sufficient. More specifically, they wanted sovereignty over natural resources and industrialisation. They also demanded technology transfer from developed countries to tighten the gap between the developed and developing countries. However, these demands by the NIEO were rejected by the developed country. This rejection led to a prolonging of the neocolonialist system. However, the rise of China might imply the rise of the BRIC countries. There is an increasing cooperation between these four (sometimes five when South-Africa is included) and they are rapidly growing.[3] [1]

[2]

[3]