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General
Urinary tract infections in general occur less often in men than in women. This is partially due to the difficulty in diagnosing uncomplicated urinary tract infections in men. However, 20% of all diagnosed, uncomplicated urinary tract infections occur in men. By the age of 80, 1/3 of the male population would have had a urinary tract infection. Although women get urinary tract infections more frequently than men, men account for the majority of complicated urinary tract infections. This is due to the male anatomy. Men with UTI have positive cultures of bacteria in their urine and their prostatic fluid. Compared to females, males have a lower CFU count than females with a positive urine culture being 10^3 CFU/ml instead of 10^5 CFU/ml.

Causes
The most common bacterial strains that cause urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonie, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus. About 50% of all urinary tract infections are caused by E.coli. However, E.coli is much more frequent in younger male populations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the source of most urinary tract infections in older males. Homosexual males have a tendency to get urinary tract infections from coliform bacteria, due to reflux urine entering the prostatic duct. This causes irritation leading to a urinary tract infection or bacterial prostatitis. While, men have a tendency to get complicated urinary tract infections, sexual intercourse is the a major cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in both heterosexual and homosexual men. Uncircumcised men and men with HIV also have a higher risk of urinary tract infections. HIV predisposes men to urinary tract infections due to a low CD4 count. Catheters are also a common cause of urinary tract infections in males. 100% of patents with a long-term indwelling catheter had bacterial colonies present in urine. had In the case of a bacterially persistent urinary tract infection, the cause is most often infection stones, atrophic nonfunctional kidney, bacterial prostatitis, foreign body, or other structural abnormalities in the urinary tract.

Symptoms
Common symptoms of urinary tract infections include acute signs of dysuria, urinary frequency or urgency. Bacterial prostatic is another symptom of chronicle complicated urinary tract infections.

Recurrence
There are two different types of recurrent urinary tract infections: bacterial resistance and reinfection. Reinfection refers to an entirely new infection after a negative urine culture and adequate antibiotic treatment. This usually results in a longer intermission between infections and the infections are caused by different bacterial strains. If constant reinfection occurs, a urological evaluation should be conducted to search for functional or anatomical problems. Bacterial persistence refers to a reinfection or persistent infection by the same bacterial strain, and this is caused by a bacterial reservoir within the urinary tract. Recurrent urinary tract infections may also be a sign of chronic bacterial prostatitis. There is also a correlation between treatment duration and urinary tract infection recurrence. 3.3% of all patients, after having received treatment have another UTI within 12 months, and this is associated with long-term treatment. Because of this possibility of recurrence the Infectious Disease Society of America suggests reducing antibiotic treatment from 14 days to 7 days, based on response time to the treatment. There is a possible correlation between biological recurrence of UTI in men and generic, over treatment.

Age
Urinary tract infections become more prevalent with age. In men 18 - 50 years old, and average of 45% have urinary tract infections. This percentage increases with age. 55% of men 51 to 70 years old and 72% of men >70 years old have urinary tract infections. Older men tend to have recurring urinary tract infections more often because they develop prostatic calculi, which entraps bacteria causing infection and can account for the lack of response to antibiotic treatment. Men also get urinary tract infections increasing often with age due to functional disabilities, such as prostatic enlargement and bladder dysfunction. These conditions can result in urinary tract infections.

Treatment
The most common form of treatment are antibiotics, with an average of 60% of patients receiving them. Treatment is not age dependent, thus does no differ by age. Fluoroquinolone is the most common form of antibiotic used, and it is prescribed to 33% of males with urinary tract infections. Other perceptions include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and amoxicilin-clavulanic acid. In the case of complicated UTIs, fluoroquinolone is favored as treatment, in addition to a longer treatment period. The average recommended amount of treatment is 7 - 14 days. However, treatments tend to last about 6 - 7 days, within a range of 3 - 21 day duration. Inadequate treatment can result in a recurrent urinary tract infection shortly after the end of antibiotic therapy. This type of urinary tract infection can usually be cured by administering a longer course of antibiotics. Constant reinfection or a patent with an indwelling catheter presenting symptoms of infection can be treated as complicated urinary tract infections. In the case of bacterially persistent urinary tract infections, the bacterial strain should be identified and bacteria specific treatment should be conducted.

Sexual Intercourse
While the causative relationship between unprotected anal sex and urinary tract infections is not well documented or studied, there is evidence that there may be a strong relationship between the two. 19.5% of men admitted to symptoms of a urinary tract infection after unprotected anal sex. There is also a general increase in the number of systematic urinary tract infections recorded from young, healthy, sexually active heterosexual men after engaging in penetrative anal sex. In 2005, 13.5 of men with urinary tract infections admitted to having unprotected anal sex before showing symptoms. In 2010, this number increased to 27.7% of men. However, because of stigmatization of anal sex, this number is most likely higher due to underreporting. In addition, during anal sex, condoms are less likely to be used. This facilitates the transmission of colonic uro-pathogenic bacterial strains that can enter the urethra and the bladder causing urinary tract infections in both heterosexual and homosexual penetrative anal sex.