User:Asgnia/sandbox

Single-cell isolation[ edit]
Many single-cell analysis techniques require the isolation of individual cells. Methods currently used for single cell isolation include: Dielectrophoretic digital sorting, enzymatic digestion, FACS, hydrodynamic traps, laser capture microdissection, manual picking, microfluidics, micromanipulation, serial dilution, and Raman tweezers.

Associated Technologies
Dielectrophoretic digital sorting method utilizes a semiconductor controlled array of electrodes in a microfluidic chip to trap single cells in Dielectrophoretic (DEP) cages. Cell identification is ensured by the combination of fluorescent markers with image observation. Precision delivery is ensured by the semiconductor controlled motion of DEP cages in the flow cell.

Hydrodynamic traps allow for the isolation of an individual cell in a "trap" at a single given time, by passive microfluidic transport. The number of isolated cells can be manipulated based on the number of traps in the system.

Laser Capture Microdissection technique used in single-cell analysis, to dissect and separate individual cells or sections from tissue samples of interest, with a focused laser. The methods involve the observation of a cell under a microscope, so that a section for analysis can be identified and labeled so that the laser can cut the cell, and the cell can be extracted for analysis.

Manual single cell picking is a method where cells in a suspension are viewed under a microscope, and individually picked using a micropipette.

Microfluidics this method allows for the isolation of individual cells for further proceeding analyses. The principles that outline the various microfluidic processes for single-cell separation: droplet-in-oil based isolation, pneumatic membrane valving, and hydrodynamic cell traps. Droplet-in-oil based microfluidics uses oil-filled channels to hold separated aqueous droplets, this allows the single cell to be contained and isolated from the inside the oil based channels. Pneumatic membrane valves uses the manipulating of air pressure, to isolate individual cells by membrane deflection. The manipulation of the pressure source allows the for opening or closing of channels in a microfluidic network. The system requires an operator, typically, and are limited in throughput.

Raman tweezers is a technique where  Raman spectroscopy is combined with optical tweezers, which uses a laser beam to trap, and manipulate cells.

The development of hydrodynamic-based microfluidic biochips has been increasing over the years. In this technique, the cells or particles are trapped in a particular region for single cell analysis (SCA) usually without any application of external force fields such as optical, electrical, magnetic or acoustic. There is a need to explore the insights of SCA in the cell's natural state and development of these techniques is highly essential for that study. Researchers have highlighted the vast potential field that needs to be explored to develop biochip devices to suit market/researcher demands. Hydrodynamic microfluidics facilitates the development of passive lab-on-chip applications. A latest review gives an account of the recent advances in this field, along with their mechanisms, methods and applications.

. Mullneree (talk ) 03:43, 2 March 2020 (UTC)~