User:Ashley Nava/sandbox

Intersex
"Intersexuality as a term was adopted by medicine during the 20th century." In Anne Fausto Sterling's book, "Sexing the Body," she mentions the most common types of intersexuality. They include: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), gonadal dysgenesis, hypospadias, and unusual chromosome compositions such as XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome) or XO (Turner Syndrome). (Added this to the introduction section of intersex)

The genes that cause CAH can now be detected in the developing embryo. As Anne Fausto Sterling mentioned in chapter 3 of "Sexing the Body," “A woman who suspects she may be pregnant with a CAH baby (if she or someone in her family carries CAH) can undergo treatment and then get tested.” To prevent an XX-CAH child's genitalia from becoming masculinized, a treatment, which includes the use of the steroid dexamethasone, must begin as early as four weeks after formation. Many do not favor this process, for "the safety of this experimental therapy has not been established in rigorously controlled trials", however, it does allow physicians to detect abnormalities, therefore starting treatment right after birth. Starting treatment as soon as an XX-CAH baby is born not only minimizes, but also may even eliminate the chances of genital surgery from being performed. (Added this to the conditions section)

Sarah Baartman
"Baartman was first exhibited in London…" Peter Cezar was the one who brought her to London in 1810, where he put her on exhibition in the Egyptian Hall of Piccadilly Circus. (Added this sentence to the Great Britain section)

She stated that she, in fact, was not under restraint, nor was she sexually abused, and that she came to London on her own free will. (Added this sentence to the Great Britain section also)

In Cezar's defense, he also presented a contract written in Dutch, since that was the only language Baartman understood, in which she "agreed" to perform domestic duties for her master as well as be viewed in public in England and Ireland "just as she was." In return, she was promised twelve guineas a year. (Added these details to the Great Britain section also)

"Her body" (added this whole section to the Sarah Baartman page): Throughout history, Baartman’s body has been used to set a borderline between the abnormal African woman and the normal Caucasian woman. The fact that she had protruding buttocks and an extended labia minora made society view her as this “wild or savage female”. Her “abnormalities”, as Georges Cuvier mentions in the “Gender, Race and Nation” chapter of The Gender and Science Reader, made her resemble everything but a white woman. She had a peculiar jaw structure, a short chin, and a flat nose, which resembled that of a "Negro." She was then considered to be part of the "Negro race," which was the lowest race of humans. Although she menstruated regularly like other women, which in her case was a positive thing, her periodic flow “appeared less abundant.” Those who had a light period were ranked at the bottom of society, whereas those with a heavy flow were ranked at the top. This also contributed to her being seen as a "Negro." Not only was she classified within this race, but also in the highest race of monkeys, the orangutan. She had lips that protruded like those of an orangutan, ears that resembled theirs, and was even said to move the way they did. Even though she had elegant shoulders, slender arms, and an acceptable chest size, she could just not compare to a white woman. Not only that, but a skull with Caucasian characteristics. And even then, something was always holding her back from being seen as a “the normal female.”

Elongated labia
It was Sarah Baartman’s 19th century case, that brought the elongated labia back out for discussion. For many years, the identification of Baartman was questioned because she demonstrated this feature. In the Gender and Science Reader, an elongated labia minora was said to be portrayed by a “Negro.” So it is because of this trait that Baartman was considered to be part of the inferior race, being that the superior race (whites), had a normal sized labia.

Peer editing
I went ahead and edited the John Augustine Zahm page created by Tavi, Lauren, and Michaela. Their page was great, except for a few grammatical errors I noticed. I went ahead and added a few commas where I thought were necessary as well as reworded a sentence or two. (Outside of group peer edit)

I went ahead and did a second peer review on Michelle Nguyen's sandbox. She posted on eee last minute, so I went ahead and did her the favor. Just like the previous edit I did, her paragraphs were also missing a few commas. The edits I did were nothing drastic. Her sandbox was well organized! (Outside of group peer edit)

I also edited Siobhan's paragraph under the 'Experience of medical procedures and photography' section on the Intersex page. Her paragraph was well written, except for some commas that were missing and some sentences that needed to be reworded. (Inside of group peer edit)

Lauren & Siobhan edited my entries on Wikipedia.