User:Asiaticus/sandbox/Lorenzo Sitgreaves

Lorenzo Sitgreaves, (1810 - 1881), was a U. S. Army officer, from Pennsylvania who led the 1851 Expedition Down the Zuñi and Colorado Rivers.

Lorenzo Sitgreaves was born on February 15, 1810, Easton, Pennsylvania, the son of Samuel Sitgreaves. He was appointed to West Point from Pennsylvania. He was a Cadet at the Military Academy, from July 1, 1827, to July 1, 1832, when he graduated 25th in his class of 45. He was appointed Brevet 2nd Lieutenant, of the 1st Regiment of Artillery, July 1, 1832. He served on the "Black Hawk Expedition," of 1832, but not at the seat of war. Later that year he served in the garrison at the Bellona Arsenal, in Chesterfield County, Virginia and from 1832 ‑ 1833 in a garrison in the Creek Nation, until he was promoted Second Lieutenant, 1st Artillery, September 30, 1833. Transfered he served in garrison at Fort Monroe, in 1833‑34, then from 1834‑36 again in the Creek Nation, until he resigned his commission on August 31, 1836.

From 1836‑1838, he was a civil engineer until he was again appointed a 2nd Lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers on July 7, 1838. As Assistant Topographic Engineer he served in the construction of roads in Wisconsin from 1839‑40, and on a survey of Sault St. Marie, 1840‑41 during which he was promoted 1st Lieutenant, Corps of Topographic Engineers, July 18, 1840. He then served as an Assistant Topographic Engineer in surveying the U. S. border with Texas in 1841 and near New Orleans, in 1841‑42. In 1842‑43, he served as an Assistant in the Topographical Bureau, in Washington, D. C.. Returning to the feild from 1843‑44, he was Assistant Topographic Engineer in the improvement of the Hudson River, and in the 1844‑45 survey of the harbor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and of the reefs of Florida in 1845‑46.

During the Mexican American War, Sitgreaves had marched with Gen. John E.  Wool from San  Antonio through Chihuahua, in the fall of  1846, and  helped  map the route and the region. He fought in the Battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 22‑23, 1847; in which he was promoted Brevet Captain, on Feb. 23, 1847 for "Gallant and Meritorious Conduct" in the battle. When peace returned he was put in charge of the Boundary Survey of Creek Indian Territory, in 1849 and then again was Assistant in the Topographical Bureau, at Washington, D. C., in 1850.

In 1851, Brevet Captain Sitgreaves led an expedition down the Zuni River and westward to the Colorado River, with John G. Parke his second in command and Antoine Leroux as his guide. This expedition was the first systematic survey of the area of the upper region of New Mexico Territory between Zuñi and the Colorado River, in search of a route to California. The trip took from September 4, to November 30, 1851 between Zuñi and the Yuma Crossing.

Following the expedition, he spent most of 1852 preparing a report on the expedition, which was published in 1853. Soon afterward March 3, 1853, he was promoted Captain, Corps of Topographical Engineers after 14 Years of continuous service in the Corps.

Sitgreaves married Lucy Ann Jesup daughter of Thomas S. Jesup in 1854. They had two daughters, one, the youngest, died in childhood.

From December 21, 1852 he served as Light-house Inspector, 11th District (Detroit, Michigan), to December 11, 1856; and as Light-house Engineer, in the 5th District (Baltimore), from May 15, 1857, to August 8, 1859. He was on a sick leave of absence, from August 1859 to 1861. Recalled to serve in the American Civil War he served as Mustering Officer at Albany, New York, in 1861‑62, then as Superintendent of Volunteer Recruiting service, and Disbursing Officer, at Madison, Wisconsin from April 20, 1863, to October 20, 1864. During this time he was promoted to Major, Corps of Topographical Engineers, on March 3, 1863 and Lieutenant‑Colonel, Corps of Engineers, on April 22, 1864. He conducted the inspection of the temporary Defenses in Kansas and Nebraska, from October 25, 1864, to July, 1865.

As the civil war ended Sitgreaves was placed in charge of the harbor improvements on Lake Michigan, from August 3, 1865, to June 11, 1866. Sitgreaves retired from Active Service, July 10, 1866, for "Disability, resulting from Long and Faithful Service, and Disease contracted in the Line of Duty." He died at the age of 78 on May 14, 1888, at Washington, D. C. and was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.).