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Isostatic depression is the sinking of large parts of the Earth's crust into the asthenosphere caused by a heavy weight placed on the Earth's surface, often the heavy weight of glacial ice during continental glaciation. The Earth's aesthenosphere acts as an elastic, which flows when exposed to loads and non-hydrostatic stress, such as ice sheets, for an extended period of time (of the order of one million years)

Glacial isostatic depression
Glacial isostasy is the Earth's response to changing surface loads of ice and water during the expansion and contraction of large ice sheets. Isostatic depression is a phase of glacial isostasy along with isostatic rebound. The Earth's crust is depressed by the product of thickness of ice and the ratio of ice and mantle densities. This large ice load results in elastic deformation of the entire lithospheric-mantle over the span of 10,000-100,000 years, with the load eventually supported by the lithosphere after the limit of local isostatic depression has been attained.

Greenland isostatic depression
Greenland is isostatically depressed by the Greenland ice sheet. However, due to deglaciation induced by climate change, the regions near the shrinking ice sheet have begun to uplift, a process known as isostatic or post-glacial rebound. Modeling these glacial isostatic adjustments has been an area of interest for some time now as the entire topography of Greenland is affected by these movements. These movements are unique in that they can be observed on a human time scale unlike other geological processes. Models have been created to assess what future equilibrium states of the Greenland ice sheet could look like.