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=Copyright Clearance System=

Since the early 1990s, when sampling became popular within the genre of hip-hop music and improved digital technologies made both sampling and the policing of sampling easier, the sample clearance system has been self-developing. The sample clearance system is the process of negotiation between the artist who is sampling, and the artist who is being sampling. The background upon which these negotiations takes place revolves around copyright law, making the system one that is not yet controlled by any body of order. This process of negotiation plays a large role in the media and entertainment industry because it allows the large body of music that has been sampled to be licensed for use in television, films, advertisement, and elsewhere.

History
Early samples used in hip-hop with first digital technologies

Bridgeport v. Dimension Films
Dr. Dre and NWA do "100 Miles and Runnin'". Most believed that the use of George Clinton's

Catagories
According to Kembrew McLeod and Peter DiCola’s book on creative licenses, there are five classes of deals that grant the consent for use of a sample. These five classes are gratis, buyouts, royalties, co-ownership, and an assignment of the copyright. .

Gratis
This is when copyright holders offer licenses for no charge or, or in return for attribution (copyright). Today there are a number of websites and networks that allow you to provide and use a large range of music, that are available for re-use under the gratis license category with the "attribution only" Creative Commons license. Some of these sites include Jamendo.com, dig.ccmixter.org, Internet Archive ect.

Buyouts
The buyout class is when an agreement is made to make one payment to the sampled artist, or copyright owner for the rights to use, copy, and sell that sample in whatever way they like. Buyouts are the most common arrangement when the licensing revenue is small. The arranged payment usually ranges from $500 to $15,000, but in special cases have been up to $50,000

Royalties
Both the royalty and co-ownership classes are percentage-based rights to the song that vary greatly according to a number of factors that include how much of a composition is sampled, if the melody is used, how the sample is used, and who the sampled artist and sampling artist is. With a royalty arrangement, the percentage can usually range from 10 to 50 percent.

Co-ownership
Like a royalty-based arrangement, co-ownership deals are based on similar negotiation factors, and have a percentage that vary greatly. However, to be considered co-ownership, the percentage is usually in the 25 to 50 percent range.

Assignment of Copyright
This class is when the the recording artist using the sample gives up complete copyright ownership to the sampled artist or copyright owners of the sampled piece. It is least common, and happens mostly when samples are not cleared before-hand.

Motion Picture Association of America
DJ Danger Mouse's "Grey Album" Girl Talk