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Biodesign.

In its simplest terms, biodesign is an umbrella term encompassing a large range of methods and means of designing with biology.

While “biodesign” is as old as agriculture, there has been a recent resurgence in the scale and scope of its meaning, driven fundamentally by our growing knowledge of how genetics shape the literal forms that serve the functions of life. For example in ‘The Eighth Day of Creation’ (Judson, 1979) it features the work of two key Nobel prizes recognized in 1962: (1) the storage of genetic information (Physiology: Frances Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for storing information in living organisms); (2) the form that information takes when translated into protein (Chemistry: John Kendrew and Max Perutz, for their studies of visualizing the structures of globular proteins). These underlying principles are now actively used in contemporary design– “a way of thinking about existing biological machines and of constructing new ones” (Baker et al. 2006). An original application of this ‘maquette building’ integrating form and function can be found in projects such as Ronald Koder’s super slimmed down synthetic hemoglobin (Koder et al. 2009 ). However, this biotechnological capacity is introducing a new element to design, which is the inherent self-replication of this bio-design with unknown repercussions. Everything we know about ‘life’ is about to be transformed by our knowledge of biology, radically reframing Charles Darwin’s 19th century term: ‘natural selection’. As a result, new studies explore emerging issues associated with bioengineering (Wintle et al 2017).

KeyWords related to and Expanding upon 'biodesign'

bio-art: art practice where humans work with live tissues, bacteria, living organisms, and life processes

bio-inspired,

biomimicry/biomimetics: the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.

bio-innovation,

bio-fabrication,

bio-materials (biodegradable, bio-pigments, bio-textiles, bioi-plastics, bio-fuels),

bio-computing,

bio-synthesis,

bio-robotics,

soft-robotics,

bio-engineering,

bio-tech/nology,

synthetic biology,

maquette building: a term applied to Synthetic Biology in Les Dutton's lab and defined as "man-made versions of proteins. Such maquettes, simple versions of their highly complex biological counterparts, enable researchers to model the minimal requirements for function."

bio-electronics,

biosignaling,

bioremediation,

landscape architecture,

biophilic design

biophilic architecture/living-architecture,

food systems,

sustainable design,

bio-policy,

bio-piracy,

bio-law,

speculative fiction,

science fiction,

futuring, backcasting,

climate change,

terraforming,

astrobiology

Books:

Biodesign (William Meyers 2012),

Speculative Everything (Dunne & Raby, 2013);

Competitions:

iGEM, International Genetically Engineered Machine

Biomimicry Global Design Challenge (BGDC)

Biodesign Challenge;

BioArt centers:

Coalesce in Buffalo NY,

SymbioticA in Australia,

BioArt Society in Finland;

Biohacker spaces:

Find a local biohacker space near you. global listings on Make Zine:

Conferences:

Society for Literature, Science and Art (SLSA),

Taboo Transgression and Transcendence in Science and Art (TTT),

Global Summit of Community Biotechnology

Synthetic Biology - Gordon Research Conference

Academically supported institutions:

Arizona State University Biodesign Institute,

Harvard Biodesign Lab,

Stanford’s Future of Healthcare;

Local lecture series:

LASER, (Leonardo Art Science Evening Rendezvouz).

Thriving companies:

Modern Meadow,

Ecovative,

Gingko Bioworks;

Theory for co-designing with other creatures:

Staying with the Trouble, Donna Harraway

[https://iseethics.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/stone-christopher-d-should-trees-have-standing.pdf Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects], Christopher Stone, 1974

Science fiction:

Mars Trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson exploring terraforming,

Lilith’s Brood by Octavia Butler exploring cross-species colonization;

Review articles such as “20 emerging issues in biological engineering” (Wintle et al. 2017)

2005 Declaration on Human Cloning (UN 2005): “measures necessary to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life”

REFERENCES:

Baker, R. et al. (2006). Engineering Life, building a FAB for Biology. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/engineering-life-building/

BioArts Society. Retrieved from https://bioartsociety.fi/about

Biobus. Retrieved from http://www.biobus.org/

Biodesign Challenge – Grow the Future. Retrieved from https://biodesignchallenge.org/

Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University – Nature Inspired Solutions for Global Impact. Retrieved from: https://biodesign.asu.edu/

Butler, O.E. (1987). Dawn. New York, NY: Warner Books

Coalesce – Center for Biological Art. Retrieved from http://www.buffalo.edu/genomeenvironmentmicrobiome/coalesce.html

Cyranoski, D. (30 November 2018). First CRISPR babies: six questions that remain. Nature. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07607-3

Dunne, A. and Raby, F. (2013). Speculative Everything: Design Fiction and Social Dreaming. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Ecovative Design – We Grow Materials. Retrieved from https://ecovativedesign.com/

Genspace – New York’s Community Biolab. Retrieved from https://www.genspace.org/

Ginko Bioworks – Biology By Design. Retrieved from https://www.ginkgobioworks.com/

Global Summit of Community BioTechnology. Retrieved from https://www.biosummit.org/

Harvard Biodesign Lab – Augmenting and Restoring Human Performance. Retrieved from https://biodesign.seas.harvard.edu/

iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine competition). Retrieved from https://igem.org/About

Judson, H.F. (1979). The Eighth Day of Creation. London, UK: Jonathan Cape.

Koder, R.L, et al. (2009). Design and engineering of an O2 transport protein. Nature. Vol 458(19). doi:10.1038/nature07841

LASER (Leonardo Art Science Evening Rendezvouz). Retrieved from https://www.leonardo.info/laser-talks

Latour, B. (2010). Love Your Monsters: Why We Must Care for Our Technologies as We Do Our Children. Retrieved from: https://thebreakthrough.org/journal/issue-2/love-your-monsters

Lewontin, R.C. (1991). Biology as Ideology – The Doctrine of DNA. Harper Perennial. ISBN-10: 0060975199

Make Zine. Find a Biohacking Maker Space Near You. Retrieved from https://makezine.com/2017/04/05/biohacking-spaces/

Margulis, L. and Sagan, D. (1995). What Is Life? Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

McKibben, B (2003). Designer Genes. In B. Lopez (Ed.), The Future of Nature: Writing on a Human Ecology (pp. 257-267). Milkweed Editions. ISBN 978-1-57131-306-5

McWhorter, L. (2010). Enemy of the Species. In C. Mortimer-Sandilands & B. Erickson (Ed.), Queer Ecologies: Sex, Nature, Politics, Desire (pp. 73-99). Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press

Meyers, W. (2012). Biodesign: Nature Science Creativity. London, UK: Thames & Hudson

Modern Meadow – Re-Imaging Materials. Retrieved http://www.modernmeadow.com/

Robinson, K.S. (1993). Red Mars. New York, NY: Bantam Books

Sanders, L. (25 July 2018). 20 years after the first IVF baby, a look back at the birth of a new era, Retrieved from Science News, https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/growth-curve/40-years-ivf-baby-louise-brown

Skloot, R. (2010). The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York, NY: Random House

Society for Literature, Science and Art (SLSA). Retrieved from https://www.litsciarts.org/

Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign – The Future of Healthcare. Retrieved from http://biodesign.stanford.edu/

Stone, C.D. (1972). Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects. Southern California Law Review 45, 450-501.

SymbioticA (University of Western Australia) - artistic laboratory dedicated to the research, learning, critique and hands-on engagement with the life sciences. Retrieved from http://www.symbiotica.uwa.edu.au/

Taboo-Transgression-Transcendence in Science & Art (TTT). Retrieved from https://avarts.ionio.gr/ttt/

United Nations. (2005). General Assembly Adopts United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning by a Vote of 84-34-37. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/press/en/2005/ga10333.doc.htm

Wintle, B. et al. (2017). A Transatlantic Perspective On 20 Emerging Issues In Biological Engineering. eLife. doi: https://elifesciences.org/articles/30247 <!-- Title: Biodesign.

While “biodesign” is as old as agriculture, there has been a recent resurgence in the scale and scope of its meaning, driven fundamentally by our growing knowledge of how genetics shape the literal forms that serve the functions of life. For example in ‘The Eighth Day of Creation’ (Judson, 1979) it features the work of two key Nobel prizes recognized in 1962: (1) the storage of genetic information (Frances Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for storing information in living organisms); (2) the form that information takes when translated into protein (John Kendrew and Max Perutz, for their studies of visualizing the structures of globular proteins). These underlying principles are now actively used in contemporary design– “a way of thinking about existing biological machines and of constructing new ones” (Baker et al. 2006). An original application of this ‘maquette building’ integrating form and function can be found in projects such as Ron Koder’s super slimmed down (read ‘more efficient’) synthetic hemoglobin (Koder et al. 2009). However, this biotechnological capacity is introducing a new element to design, which is the inherent self-replication of this bio-design with unknown repercussions. Everything we know about ‘life’ is about to be transformed by our knowledge of biology, radically reframing Darwin’s 19th century term: ‘natural selection’.

KeyWords related to and Expanding upon 'biodesign' bio-art, bio-inspired, bio-mimicry/bio-mimetics, bio-innovation, bio-fabrication, bio-materials (biodegradable pigments, textiles, plastics, fuels), bio-computing, bio-synthesis, bio-robotics, bio-engineering, bio-tech/nology, synthetic biology, maquette building, bio-electronics, bio-signaling, bio-remediation, landscape architecture, biophilic architecture/living-architecture, food systems, sustainable design, bio-policy, bio-piracy, bio-law, speculative fiction, science fiction, futuring, backcasting, climate change, erraforming, astrobiology

Books: Biodesign (Meyers 2012), Speculative Everything (Dunne & Raby, 2013);

Competitions: iGEM, Biomimicry Biodesign Challenge;

BioArt centers: Coalesce in Buffalo NY, SymbioticA in Australia, BioArt Society in Finland;

Biohacker spaces: Genspace, Biobus, Harlem BioSpace global listings on Make Zine;

Conferences: Society for Literature, Science and Art (SLSA), Taboo Transgression and Transcendence in Science and Art (TTT), Global Summit of Community Biotechnology

Academically supported institutions: Arizona State University Biodesign Institute, Harvard Biodesign Lab, Stanford’s Future of Healthcare;

Local lecture series: LASER, NY Academy of Science, American Museum of Natural History;

Thriving companies: Modern Meadow, Ecovative, Gingko Bioworks;

Science fiction: Mars Trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson exploring terraforming, Lilith’s Brood by Octavia Butler exploring cross-species colonization;

Review articles such as “20 emerging issues in biological engineering” (Wintle et al. 2017) or

2005 Declaration on Human Cloning (UN 2005): “measures necessary to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life”

Baker, R. et al. (2006). Engineering Life, building a FAB for Biology. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/engineering-life-building/

BioArts Society. Retrieved from https://bioartsociety.fi/about

Biobus. Retrieved from http://www.biobus.org/

Biodesign Challenge – Grow the Future. Retrieved from https://biodesignchallenge.org/

Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University – Nature Inspired Solutions for Global Impact. Retrieved from: https://biodesign.asu.edu/

Butler, O.E. (1987). Dawn. New York, NY: Warner Books Coalesce – Center for Biological Art. Retrieved from http://www.buffalo.edu/genomeenvironmentmicrobiome/coalesce.html

Cyranoski, D. (30 November 2018). First CRISPR babies: six questions that remain. Nature. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07607-3

Dunne, A. and Raby, F. (2013). Speculative Everything: Design Fiction and Social Dreaming. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Ecovative Design – We Grow Materials. Retrieved from https://ecovativedesign.com/

Genspace – New York’s Community Biolab. Retrieved from https://www.genspace.org/

Ginko Bioworks – Biology By Design. Retrieved from https://www.ginkgobioworks.com/

Global Summit of Community BioTechnology. Retrieved from https://www.biosummit.org/

Harvard Biodesign Lab – Augmenting and Restoring Human Performance. Retrieved from https://biodesign.seas.harvard.edu/

iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine competition). Retrieved from https://igem.org/About

Judson, H.F. (1979). The Eighth Day of Creation. London, UK: Jonathan Cape.

Koder, R.L, et al. (2009). Design and engineering of an O2 transport protein. Nature. Vol 458(19). doi:10.1038/nature07841

Kumar, R. (Aug. 28, 2012). An Open Letter to Those Colleges and Universities that have Assigned Rebecca Skloot’s The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks as the “Common” Freshman Reading for the Class of 2016. Brown Town Magazine. Retrieved here: http://itsbrowntown.blogspot.com/2012/08/an-open-letter-to-those-colleges-and.html

LASER (Leonardo Art Science Evening Rendezvouz). Retrieved from https://www.leonardo.info/laser-talks

Latour, B. (2010). Love Your Monsters: Why We Must Care for Our Technologies as We Do Our Children. Retrieved from: https://thebreakthrough.org/journal/issue-2/love-your-monsters

Lewontin, R.C. (1991). Biology as Ideology – The Doctrine of DNA. Harper Perennial. ISBN-10: 0060975199

Make Zine. Find a Biohacking Maker Space Near You. Retrieved from https://makezine.com/2017/04/05/biohacking-spaces/

Margulis, L. and Sagan, D. (1995). What Is Life? Berkeley, CA: University of California Press

McKibben, B (2003). Designer Genes. In B. Lopez (Ed.), The Future of Nature: Writing on a Human Ecology (pp. 257-267). Milkweed Editions. ISBN 978-1-57131-306-5

McWhorter, L. (2010). Enemy of the Species. In C. Mortimer-Sandilands & B. Erickson (Ed.), Queer Ecologies: Sex, Nature, Politics, Desire (pp. 73-99). Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press

Meyers, W. (2012). Biodesign: Nature Science Creativity. London, UK: Thames & Hudson

Modern Meadow – Re-Imaging Materials. Retrieved http://www.modernmeadow.com/

Robinson, K.S. (1993). Red Mars. New York, NY: Bantam Books

Sanders, L. (25 July 2018). 20 years after the first IVF baby, a look back at the birth of a new era, Retrieved from Science News, https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/growth-curve/40-years-ivf-baby-louise-brown

Skloot, R. (2010). The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York, NY: Random House

Society for Literature, Science and Art (SLSA). Retrieved from https://www.litsciarts.org/

Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign – The Future of Healthcare. Retrieved from http://biodesign.stanford.edu/

Stone, C.D. (1972). Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects. Southern California Law Review 45, 450-501.

SymbioticA (University of Western Australia) - artistic laboratory dedicated to the research, learning, critique and hands-on engagement with the life sciences. Retrieved from http://www.symbiotica.uwa.edu.au/

Taboo-Transgression-Transcendence in Science & Art (TTT). Retrieved from https://avarts.ionio.gr/ttt/

United Nations. (2005). General Assembly Adopts United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning by a Vote of 84-34-37. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/press/en/2005/ga10333.doc.htm

Wintle, B. et al. (2017). A Transatlantic Perspective On 20 Emerging Issues In Biological Engineering. eLife. doi: https://elifesciences.org/articles/30247

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